{"id":86,"date":"2026-05-12T21:32:21","date_gmt":"2026-05-12T20:32:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/chapter\/transcription-of-appendices-a-f-moags-malayalam-reference-grammar\/"},"modified":"2026-05-25T09:41:28","modified_gmt":"2026-05-25T08:41:28","slug":"transcription-of-appendices-a-f-moags-malayalam-reference-grammar","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/chapter\/transcription-of-appendices-a-f-moags-malayalam-reference-grammar\/","title":{"raw":"Appendices A\u2013F: Moag\u2019s Malayalam Reference Grammar","rendered":"Appendices A\u2013F: Moag\u2019s Malayalam Reference Grammar"},"content":{"raw":"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n

Appendix A: Pronouns and Address Forms<\/h2>\r\nThis appendix categorizes personal pronouns by social status, spatial distance, and gender. It also includes common forms of address used in the social environment of Kerala.\r\n

Malayalam Personal Pronouns<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
English Pronoun<\/td>\r\nMalayalam Unicode<\/td>\r\nSocial Status \/ Distance Category<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
I<\/td>\r\n\u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b<\/td>\r\nFirst Person Singular<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
We (Exclusive)<\/td>\r\n\u0d1e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e<\/td>\r\nFirst Person Plural (Excluding Listener)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
We (Inclusive)<\/td>\r\n\u0d28\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d7e<\/td>\r\nFirst Person Plural (Including Listener)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
You (Familiar)<\/td>\r\n\u0d28\u0d40<\/td>\r\nNon-reciprocal; used for children\/inferiors<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
You (Equal)<\/td>\r\n\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d7b<\/td>\r\nEqual status; classmates\/intimates<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
You (Polite)<\/td>\r\n\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e<\/td>\r\nGeneral polite singular or plural<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
You (Respected)<\/td>\r\n\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d7e<\/td>\r\nFormal; high social distance<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
He (Far\/Familiar)<\/td>\r\n\u0d05\u0d35\u0d7b<\/td>\r\nThird Person Masculine; Distant \/ Familiar<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
He (Near\/Familiar)<\/td>\r\n\u0d07\u0d35\u0d7b<\/td>\r\nThird Person Masculine; Near \/ Familiar<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
He (Far\/Equal)<\/td>\r\n\u0d05\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d7e<\/td>\r\nThird Person Masculine; Distant \/ Equal<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
He (Near\/Equal)<\/td>\r\n\u0d07\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d7e<\/td>\r\nThird Person Masculine; Near \/ Equal<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
He (Far\/Respected)<\/td>\r\n\u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02<\/td>\r\nThird Person Masculine; Distant \/ Respected<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
He (Near\/Respected)<\/td>\r\n\u0d07\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02<\/td>\r\nThird Person Masculine; Near \/ Respected<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
She (Far\/Familiar)<\/td>\r\n\u0d05\u0d35\u0d7e<\/td>\r\nThird Person Feminine; Distant \/ Familiar<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
She (Near\/Familiar)<\/td>\r\n\u0d07\u0d35\u0d7e<\/td>\r\nThird Person Feminine; Near \/ Familiar<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
She (Equal\/Respected)<\/td>\r\n\u0d05\u0d35\u0d7c<\/td>\r\nThird Person Feminine; Social Equal or Superior<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
They (Masc.\/Fem.)<\/td>\r\n\u0d05\u0d35\u0d7c<\/td>\r\nThird Person Plural<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
It (Far\/Neuter)<\/td>\r\n\u0d05\u0d24\u0d4d<\/td>\r\nThird Person Neuter; Distant<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
It (Near\/Neuter)<\/td>\r\n\u0d07\u0d24\u0d4d<\/td>\r\nThird Person Neuter; Near<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
They (Neuter)<\/td>\r\n\u0d05\u0d35<\/td>\r\nThird Person Neuter Plural<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

Common Address Forms and Honorifics<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
English Term<\/td>\r\nMalayalam Unicode<\/td>\r\nCategory<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Sir \/ Mr.<\/td>\r\n\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d7c<\/td>\r\nFormal (Masculine)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Teacher<\/td>\r\n\u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d27\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d2a\u0d15\u0d7b<\/td>\r\nFormal (Masculine)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Teacher<\/td>\r\n\u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d27\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d15<\/td>\r\nFormal (Feminine)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Elder Brother<\/td>\r\n\u0d1a\u0d47\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d7b<\/td>\r\nFamiliar (Masculine)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Elder Sister<\/td>\r\n\u0d1a\u0d47\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f<\/td>\r\nFamiliar (Feminine)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Younger Brother<\/td>\r\n\u0d05\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d7b<\/td>\r\nFamiliar (Masculine)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Younger Sister<\/td>\r\n\u0d05\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f<\/td>\r\nFamiliar (Feminine)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Child<\/td>\r\n\u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f<\/td>\r\nNeuter\/General<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n

Appendix B: A Compendium of Malayalam Verbforms<\/h2>\r\nThe following table details verbal paradigms. Verbs marked with [y]<\/b> indicate palatalization of the stem-final consonant as per Moag\u2019s linguistic framework.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Base Verb (Citation)<\/td>\r\nPresent Tense (-\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41)<\/td>\r\nPast Tense (Stem + Var.)<\/td>\r\nFuture\/Potential (-\u0d09\u0d02)<\/td>\r\nImperative (-\u0d07\u0d7b)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d15 (to come)<\/td>\r\n\u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/td>\r\n\u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41 (Nasalized)<\/td>\r\n\u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d02<\/td>\r\n\u0d35\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15 (to go)<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d2a\u0d20\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15 [y] (to study)<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d20\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d20\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d41 (Palatalized)<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d20\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d20\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15 [y] (to drink)<\/td>\r\n\u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/td>\r\n\u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d41 (Palatalized)<\/td>\r\n\u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02<\/td>\r\n\u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d15\u0d4a\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15 [y] (to give-3rd)<\/td>\r\n\u0d15\u0d4a\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/td>\r\n\u0d15\u0d4a\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41<\/td>\r\n\u0d15\u0d4a\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02<\/td>\r\n\u0d15\u0d4a\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d24\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15 (to give-1st\/2nd)<\/td>\r\n\u0d24\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/td>\r\n\u0d24\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41 (Nasalized)<\/td>\r\n\u0d24\u0d30\u0d41\u0d02<\/td>\r\n\u0d24\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d07\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15 [y] (to sit)<\/td>\r\n\u0d07\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/td>\r\n\u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41 (Nasalized)<\/td>\r\n\u0d07\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02<\/td>\r\n\u0d07\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d15 [y] (to do)<\/td>\r\n\u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/td>\r\n\u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41<\/td>\r\n\u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02<\/td>\r\n\u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d2a\u0d31\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d15 [y] (to say)<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d31\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d31\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d31\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d31\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d41\u0d15 (to see)<\/td>\r\n\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/td>\r\n\u0d15\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41 (Retroflex)<\/td>\r\n\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d41\u0d02<\/td>\r\n\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d0e\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15 [y] (to take)<\/td>\r\n\u0d0e\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/td>\r\n\u0d0e\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41<\/td>\r\n\u0d0e\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02<\/td>\r\n\u0d0e\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d35\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15 [y] (to put)<\/td>\r\n\u0d35\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/td>\r\n\u0d35\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d41 (Palatalized)<\/td>\r\n\u0d35\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02<\/td>\r\n\u0d35\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n

Appendix C: All About Time<\/h2>\r\n

Malayalam Number System (0\u2013100+)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Number<\/td>\r\nUnicode<\/td>\r\nNumber<\/td>\r\nUnicode<\/td>\r\nNumber<\/td>\r\nUnicode<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
0<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d42\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d02<\/td>\r\n11<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4a\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n22<\/td>\r\n\u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
1<\/td>\r\n\u0d12\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n12<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n23<\/td>\r\n\u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2e\u0d42\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
2<\/td>\r\n\u0d30\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n13<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2e\u0d42\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n24<\/td>\r\n\u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
3<\/td>\r\n\u0d2e\u0d42\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n14<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n25<\/td>\r\n\u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
4<\/td>\r\n\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n15<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n26<\/td>\r\n\u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d31\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
5<\/td>\r\n\u0d05\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n16<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d31\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n27<\/td>\r\n\u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d34\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
6<\/td>\r\n\u0d06\u0d31\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n17<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d47\u0d34\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n28<\/td>\r\n\u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d46\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
7<\/td>\r\n\u0d0f\u0d34\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n18<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d46\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n29<\/td>\r\n\u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4a\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
8<\/td>\r\n\u0d0e\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n19<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4a\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n30<\/td>\r\n\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
9<\/td>\r\n\u0d12\u0d7b\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n20<\/td>\r\n\u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n40<\/td>\r\n\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
10<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n21<\/td>\r\n\u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4a\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n50<\/td>\r\n\u0d05\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nAdditional Multiples:<\/i> 60 (\u0d05\u0d31\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d), 70 (\u0d0e\u0d34\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d), 80 (\u0d0e\u0d7a\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d), 90 (\u0d24\u0d4a\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d23\u0d42\u0d31\u0d4d), 100 (\u0d28\u0d42\u0d31\u0d4d), 1000 (\u0d06\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d02).\r\n

Fractions<\/h3>\r\n
    \r\n \t
  • \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d (k\u0101l):<\/b> 1\/4 (Quarter)<\/li>\r\n \t
  • \u0d05\u0d30 (ara):<\/b> 1\/2 (Half)<\/li>\r\n \t
  • \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d (mukk\u0101l):<\/b> 3\/4 (Three-quarters)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

    Telling Time<\/h3>\r\nTime expressions utilize the noun \u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f<\/b> (o'clock) and \u0d2e\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d<\/b> (minutes).\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
    English<\/td>\r\nMalayalam Unicode<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    What time is it?<\/td>\r\n\u0d38\u0d2e\u0d2f\u0d02 \u0d0e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f? \/ \u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f \u0d0e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    At 6 o'clock<\/td>\r\n\u0d06\u0d31\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Half past five<\/td>\r\n\u0d05\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d30 \u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Quarter past one<\/td>\r\n\u0d12\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d47\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d \u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    10 minutes past four<\/td>\r\n\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d41 \u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f \u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

    Days of the Week<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
    English<\/td>\r\nMalayalam Unicode<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Sunday<\/td>\r\n\u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d31\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d4d\u0d1a<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Monday<\/td>\r\n\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d33\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d4d\u0d1a<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Tuesday<\/td>\r\n\u0d1a\u0d4a\u0d35\u0d4d\u0d35\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d4d\u0d1a<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Wednesday<\/td>\r\n\u0d2c\u0d41\u0d27\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d4d\u0d1a<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Thursday<\/td>\r\n\u0d35\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d4d\u0d1a<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Friday<\/td>\r\n\u0d35\u0d46\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d4d\u0d1a<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Saturday<\/td>\r\n\u0d36\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d4d\u0d1a<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

    Months (Solar Calendar)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
    English Approx.<\/td>\r\nMalayalam Unicode<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Aug\u2013Sept<\/td>\r\n\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d02<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Sept\u2013Oct<\/td>\r\n\u0d15\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Oct\u2013Nov<\/td>\r\n\u0d24\u0d41\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d02<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Nov\u2013Dec<\/td>\r\n\u0d35\u0d43\u0d36\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d02<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Dec\u2013Jan<\/td>\r\n\u0d27\u0d28\u0d41<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Jan\u2013Feb<\/td>\r\n\u0d2e\u0d15\u0d30\u0d02<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n

    Appendix D: Postpositions and Case Requirements<\/h2>\r\nPostpositions determine the case of the noun they follow.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
    Postposition<\/td>\r\nEnglish Meaning<\/td>\r\nRequired Case<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d7d<\/td>\r\nIn front of \/ Before<\/td>\r\nDative or Possessive<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    \u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d7d<\/td>\r\nBehind<\/td>\r\nDative or Possessive<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    \u0d05\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d<\/td>\r\nNear \/ Close to<\/td>\r\nDative or Possessive<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    \u0d05\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d41\u0d31\u0d02<\/td>\r\nBeyond \/ That side<\/td>\r\nDative or Possessive<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    \u0d07\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d41\u0d31\u0d02<\/td>\r\nOn this side<\/td>\r\nDative or Possessive<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    \u0d0e\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d46<\/td>\r\nOpposite<\/td>\r\nDative or Possessive<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    \u0d15\u0d42\u0d1f\u0d46<\/td>\r\nAlong with<\/td>\r\nAssociative<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/td>\r\nFrom<\/td>\r\nLocative<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    \u0d35\u0d30\u0d46<\/td>\r\nUntil \/ Up to<\/td>\r\nNominative<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n

    Appendix E: List of Opposites<\/h2>\r\n

    Adjectives<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
    Word<\/td>\r\nEnglish<\/td>\r\nAntonym<\/td>\r\nEnglish<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    \u0d35\u0d32\u0d3f\u0d2f<\/td>\r\nBig<\/td>\r\n\u0d1a\u0d46\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f<\/td>\r\nSmall<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    \u0d28\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32<\/td>\r\nGood<\/td>\r\n\u0d1a\u0d40\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24<\/td>\r\nBad<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f<\/td>\r\nNew<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d34\u0d2f<\/td>\r\nOld<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    \u0d24\u0d23\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24<\/td>\r\nCold<\/td>\r\n\u0d1a\u0d42\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33<\/td>\r\nHot<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

    Adverbs<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
    Word<\/td>\r\nEnglish<\/td>\r\nAntonym<\/td>\r\nEnglish<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    \u0d07\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46<\/td>\r\nHere<\/td>\r\n\u0d05\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46<\/td>\r\nThere<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    \u0d07\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d7e<\/td>\r\nNow<\/td>\r\n\u0d05\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d7e<\/td>\r\nThen<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    \u0d07\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d28\u0d46<\/td>\r\nThis way<\/td>\r\n\u0d05\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d28\u0d46<\/td>\r\nThat way<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    \u0d35\u0d47\u0d17\u0d02<\/td>\r\nFast<\/td>\r\n\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d27\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d02<\/td>\r\nSlowly<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

    Verbs and Existentials<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
    Word<\/td>\r\nEnglish<\/td>\r\nAntonym<\/td>\r\nEnglish<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    \u0d09\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/td>\r\nThere is \/ Have<\/td>\r\n\u0d07\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32<\/td>\r\nThere is not \/ Have not<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    \u0d35\u0d47\u0d23\u0d02<\/td>\r\nWant<\/td>\r\n\u0d35\u0d47\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f<\/td>\r\nDon't want<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    \u0d05\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d02<\/td>\r\nKnow<\/td>\r\n\u0d05\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32<\/td>\r\nDon't know<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    \u0d35\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15<\/td>\r\nTo come<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15<\/td>\r\nTo go<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    \u0d15\u0d4a\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15<\/td>\r\nTo give (away)<\/td>\r\n\u0d35\u0d3e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d41\u0d15<\/td>\r\nTo buy\/take<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n

    Appendix F: Malayalam Words Taking Associative Case<\/h2>\r\nThe Associative Case (\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d42\u0d39\u0d3f\u0d15 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d2d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f), marked by the suffix -\u0d13\u0d1f\u0d4d (-\u014d\u1e0du)<\/b>, is required by the following caseframes.\r\n

    Caseframe: Communication and Interaction<\/h3>\r\n
      \r\n \t
    • \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d15 (parayuka):<\/b> To say\/tell (e.g., \u0d05\u0d35\u0d28\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d15 - Tell him).<\/li>\r\n \t
    • \u0d1a\u0d4b\u0d26\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15 (c\u014ddikkuka):<\/b> To ask (e.g., \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d1a\u0d4b\u0d26\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15 - Ask the teacher).<\/li>\r\n \t
    • \u0d38\u0d02\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15 (sa\u1e43s\u0101rikkuka):<\/b> To speak with (e.g., \u0d38\u0d41\u0d39\u0d43\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d38\u0d02\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15 - Speak with a friend).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

      Caseframe: Association and Comparison<\/h3>\r\n
        \r\n \t
      • \u0d15\u0d42\u0d1f\u0d46 (k\u016b\u1e0de):<\/b> With\/Along with (e.g., \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d15\u0d42\u0d1f\u0d46 - With me).<\/li>\r\n \t
      • \u0d05\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d (a\u1e0duttu):<\/b> Close to (denoting social proximity).<\/li>\r\n \t
      • \u0d24\u0d41\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d02 (tulyam):<\/b> Equal to (e.g., \u0d07\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d24\u0d41\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d02 - Equal to this).<\/li>\r\n \t
      • \u0d26\u0d47\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d02 (d\u0113\u1e63yam):<\/b> Anger toward (e.g., \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d26\u0d47\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d02 - Angry at the child).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

        Caseframe: Physical Interaction<\/h3>\r\n
          \r\n \t
        • \u0d1a\u0d47\u0d30\u0d41\u0d15 (c\u0113ruka):<\/b> To join with \/ To fit (e.g., \u0d15\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d1a\u0d47\u0d30\u0d41\u0d15 - Join with the poet).<\/li>\r\n \t
        • \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15 (mu\u1e6d\u1e6duka):<\/b> To touch \/ To knock against (e.g., \u0d35\u0d3e\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15 - Knock against the door).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"

          ——————————————————————————-<\/p>\n

          Appendix A: Pronouns and Address Forms<\/h2>\n

          This appendix categorizes personal pronouns by social status, spatial distance, and gender. It also includes common forms of address used in the social environment of Kerala.<\/p>\n

          Malayalam Personal Pronouns<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          English Pronoun<\/td>\nMalayalam Unicode<\/td>\nSocial Status \/ Distance Category<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          I<\/td>\n\u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b<\/td>\nFirst Person Singular<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          We (Exclusive)<\/td>\n\u0d1e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e<\/td>\nFirst Person Plural (Excluding Listener)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          We (Inclusive)<\/td>\n\u0d28\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d7e<\/td>\nFirst Person Plural (Including Listener)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          You (Familiar)<\/td>\n\u0d28\u0d40<\/td>\nNon-reciprocal; used for children\/inferiors<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          You (Equal)<\/td>\n\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d7b<\/td>\nEqual status; classmates\/intimates<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          You (Polite)<\/td>\n\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e<\/td>\nGeneral polite singular or plural<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          You (Respected)<\/td>\n\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d7e<\/td>\nFormal; high social distance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          He (Far\/Familiar)<\/td>\n\u0d05\u0d35\u0d7b<\/td>\nThird Person Masculine; Distant \/ Familiar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          He (Near\/Familiar)<\/td>\n\u0d07\u0d35\u0d7b<\/td>\nThird Person Masculine; Near \/ Familiar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          He (Far\/Equal)<\/td>\n\u0d05\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d7e<\/td>\nThird Person Masculine; Distant \/ Equal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          He (Near\/Equal)<\/td>\n\u0d07\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d7e<\/td>\nThird Person Masculine; Near \/ Equal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          He (Far\/Respected)<\/td>\n\u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02<\/td>\nThird Person Masculine; Distant \/ Respected<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          He (Near\/Respected)<\/td>\n\u0d07\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02<\/td>\nThird Person Masculine; Near \/ Respected<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          She (Far\/Familiar)<\/td>\n\u0d05\u0d35\u0d7e<\/td>\nThird Person Feminine; Distant \/ Familiar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          She (Near\/Familiar)<\/td>\n\u0d07\u0d35\u0d7e<\/td>\nThird Person Feminine; Near \/ Familiar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          She (Equal\/Respected)<\/td>\n\u0d05\u0d35\u0d7c<\/td>\nThird Person Feminine; Social Equal or Superior<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          They (Masc.\/Fem.)<\/td>\n\u0d05\u0d35\u0d7c<\/td>\nThird Person Plural<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          It (Far\/Neuter)<\/td>\n\u0d05\u0d24\u0d4d<\/td>\nThird Person Neuter; Distant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          It (Near\/Neuter)<\/td>\n\u0d07\u0d24\u0d4d<\/td>\nThird Person Neuter; Near<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          They (Neuter)<\/td>\n\u0d05\u0d35<\/td>\nThird Person Neuter Plural<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          Common Address Forms and Honorifics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          English Term<\/td>\nMalayalam Unicode<\/td>\nCategory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Sir \/ Mr.<\/td>\n\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d7c<\/td>\nFormal (Masculine)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Teacher<\/td>\n\u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d27\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d2a\u0d15\u0d7b<\/td>\nFormal (Masculine)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Teacher<\/td>\n\u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d27\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d15<\/td>\nFormal (Feminine)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Elder Brother<\/td>\n\u0d1a\u0d47\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d7b<\/td>\nFamiliar (Masculine)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Elder Sister<\/td>\n\u0d1a\u0d47\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f<\/td>\nFamiliar (Feminine)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Younger Brother<\/td>\n\u0d05\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d7b<\/td>\nFamiliar (Masculine)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Younger Sister<\/td>\n\u0d05\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f<\/td>\nFamiliar (Feminine)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Child<\/td>\n\u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f<\/td>\nNeuter\/General<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          ——————————————————————————–<\/p>\n

          Appendix B: A Compendium of Malayalam Verbforms<\/h2>\n

          The following table details verbal paradigms. Verbs marked with [y]<\/b> indicate palatalization of the stem-final consonant as per Moag\u2019s linguistic framework.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          Base Verb (Citation)<\/td>\nPresent Tense (-\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41)<\/td>\nPast Tense (Stem + Var.)<\/td>\nFuture\/Potential (-\u0d09\u0d02)<\/td>\nImperative (-\u0d07\u0d7b)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d15 (to come)<\/td>\n\u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/td>\n\u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41 (Nasalized)<\/td>\n\u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d02<\/td>\n\u0d35\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15 (to go)<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u0d2a\u0d20\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15 [y] (to study)<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d20\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d20\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d41 (Palatalized)<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d20\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d20\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15 [y] (to drink)<\/td>\n\u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/td>\n\u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d41 (Palatalized)<\/td>\n\u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02<\/td>\n\u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u0d15\u0d4a\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15 [y] (to give-3rd)<\/td>\n\u0d15\u0d4a\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/td>\n\u0d15\u0d4a\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41<\/td>\n\u0d15\u0d4a\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02<\/td>\n\u0d15\u0d4a\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u0d24\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15 (to give-1st\/2nd)<\/td>\n\u0d24\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/td>\n\u0d24\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41 (Nasalized)<\/td>\n\u0d24\u0d30\u0d41\u0d02<\/td>\n\u0d24\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u0d07\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15 [y] (to sit)<\/td>\n\u0d07\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/td>\n\u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41 (Nasalized)<\/td>\n\u0d07\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02<\/td>\n\u0d07\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d15 [y] (to do)<\/td>\n\u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/td>\n\u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41<\/td>\n\u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02<\/td>\n\u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d15 [y] (to say)<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d31\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d31\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d31\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d31\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d41\u0d15 (to see)<\/td>\n\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/td>\n\u0d15\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41 (Retroflex)<\/td>\n\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d41\u0d02<\/td>\n\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u0d0e\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15 [y] (to take)<\/td>\n\u0d0e\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/td>\n\u0d0e\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41<\/td>\n\u0d0e\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02<\/td>\n\u0d0e\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u0d35\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15 [y] (to put)<\/td>\n\u0d35\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/td>\n\u0d35\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d41 (Palatalized)<\/td>\n\u0d35\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02<\/td>\n\u0d35\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          ——————————————————————————–<\/p>\n

          Appendix C: All About Time<\/h2>\n

          Malayalam Number System (0\u2013100+)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          Number<\/td>\nUnicode<\/td>\nNumber<\/td>\nUnicode<\/td>\nNumber<\/td>\nUnicode<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          0<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d42\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d02<\/td>\n11<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4a\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/td>\n22<\/td>\n\u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          1<\/td>\n\u0d12\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/td>\n12<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/td>\n23<\/td>\n\u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2e\u0d42\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          2<\/td>\n\u0d30\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2e\u0d42\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/td>\n24<\/td>\n\u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d4d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          3<\/td>\n\u0d2e\u0d42\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/td>\n14<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d4d<\/td>\n25<\/td>\n\u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          4<\/td>\n\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d4d<\/td>\n15<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4d<\/td>\n26<\/td>\n\u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d31\u0d4d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          5<\/td>\n\u0d05\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4d<\/td>\n16<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d31\u0d4d<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n\u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d34\u0d4d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          6<\/td>\n\u0d06\u0d31\u0d4d<\/td>\n17<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d47\u0d34\u0d4d<\/td>\n28<\/td>\n\u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d46\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          7<\/td>\n\u0d0f\u0d34\u0d4d<\/td>\n18<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d46\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/td>\n29<\/td>\n\u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4a\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          8<\/td>\n\u0d0e\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/td>\n19<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4a\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d<\/td>\n30<\/td>\n\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          9<\/td>\n\u0d12\u0d7b\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d<\/td>\n20<\/td>\n\u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d<\/td>\n40<\/td>\n\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          10<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d<\/td>\n21<\/td>\n\u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4a\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/td>\n50<\/td>\n\u0d05\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          Additional Multiples:<\/i> 60 (\u0d05\u0d31\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d), 70 (\u0d0e\u0d34\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d), 80 (\u0d0e\u0d7a\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d), 90 (\u0d24\u0d4a\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d23\u0d42\u0d31\u0d4d), 100 (\u0d28\u0d42\u0d31\u0d4d), 1000 (\u0d06\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d02).<\/p>\n

          Fractions<\/h3>\n
            \n
          • \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d (k\u0101l):<\/b> 1\/4 (Quarter)<\/li>\n
          • \u0d05\u0d30 (ara):<\/b> 1\/2 (Half)<\/li>\n
          • \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d (mukk\u0101l):<\/b> 3\/4 (Three-quarters)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Telling Time<\/h3>\n

            Time expressions utilize the noun \u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f<\/b> (o’clock) and \u0d2e\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d<\/b> (minutes).<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            English<\/td>\nMalayalam Unicode<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            What time is it?<\/td>\n\u0d38\u0d2e\u0d2f\u0d02 \u0d0e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f? \/ \u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f \u0d0e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            At 6 o’clock<\/td>\n\u0d06\u0d31\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Half past five<\/td>\n\u0d05\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d30 \u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Quarter past one<\/td>\n\u0d12\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d47\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d \u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            10 minutes past four<\/td>\n\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d41 \u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f \u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            Days of the Week<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            English<\/td>\nMalayalam Unicode<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Sunday<\/td>\n\u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d31\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d4d\u0d1a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Monday<\/td>\n\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d33\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d4d\u0d1a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Tuesday<\/td>\n\u0d1a\u0d4a\u0d35\u0d4d\u0d35\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d4d\u0d1a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Wednesday<\/td>\n\u0d2c\u0d41\u0d27\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d4d\u0d1a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Thursday<\/td>\n\u0d35\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d4d\u0d1a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Friday<\/td>\n\u0d35\u0d46\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d4d\u0d1a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Saturday<\/td>\n\u0d36\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d4d\u0d1a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            Months (Solar Calendar)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            English Approx.<\/td>\nMalayalam Unicode<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Aug\u2013Sept<\/td>\n\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d02<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Sept\u2013Oct<\/td>\n\u0d15\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Oct\u2013Nov<\/td>\n\u0d24\u0d41\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d02<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Nov\u2013Dec<\/td>\n\u0d35\u0d43\u0d36\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d02<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Dec\u2013Jan<\/td>\n\u0d27\u0d28\u0d41<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Jan\u2013Feb<\/td>\n\u0d2e\u0d15\u0d30\u0d02<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            ——————————————————————————–<\/p>\n

            Appendix D: Postpositions and Case Requirements<\/h2>\n

            Postpositions determine the case of the noun they follow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            Postposition<\/td>\nEnglish Meaning<\/td>\nRequired Case<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d7d<\/td>\nIn front of \/ Before<\/td>\nDative or Possessive<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d7d<\/td>\nBehind<\/td>\nDative or Possessive<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0d05\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d<\/td>\nNear \/ Close to<\/td>\nDative or Possessive<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0d05\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d41\u0d31\u0d02<\/td>\nBeyond \/ That side<\/td>\nDative or Possessive<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0d07\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d41\u0d31\u0d02<\/td>\nOn this side<\/td>\nDative or Possessive<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0d0e\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d46<\/td>\nOpposite<\/td>\nDative or Possessive<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0d15\u0d42\u0d1f\u0d46<\/td>\nAlong with<\/td>\nAssociative<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/td>\nFrom<\/td>\nLocative<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0d35\u0d30\u0d46<\/td>\nUntil \/ Up to<\/td>\nNominative<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            ——————————————————————————–<\/p>\n

            Appendix E: List of Opposites<\/h2>\n

            Adjectives<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            Word<\/td>\nEnglish<\/td>\nAntonym<\/td>\nEnglish<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0d35\u0d32\u0d3f\u0d2f<\/td>\nBig<\/td>\n\u0d1a\u0d46\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f<\/td>\nSmall<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0d28\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32<\/td>\nGood<\/td>\n\u0d1a\u0d40\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24<\/td>\nBad<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f<\/td>\nNew<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d34\u0d2f<\/td>\nOld<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0d24\u0d23\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24<\/td>\nCold<\/td>\n\u0d1a\u0d42\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33<\/td>\nHot<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            Adverbs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            Word<\/td>\nEnglish<\/td>\nAntonym<\/td>\nEnglish<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0d07\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46<\/td>\nHere<\/td>\n\u0d05\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46<\/td>\nThere<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0d07\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d7e<\/td>\nNow<\/td>\n\u0d05\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d7e<\/td>\nThen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0d07\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d28\u0d46<\/td>\nThis way<\/td>\n\u0d05\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d28\u0d46<\/td>\nThat way<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0d35\u0d47\u0d17\u0d02<\/td>\nFast<\/td>\n\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d27\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d02<\/td>\nSlowly<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            Verbs and Existentials<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            Word<\/td>\nEnglish<\/td>\nAntonym<\/td>\nEnglish<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0d09\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/td>\nThere is \/ Have<\/td>\n\u0d07\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32<\/td>\nThere is not \/ Have not<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0d35\u0d47\u0d23\u0d02<\/td>\nWant<\/td>\n\u0d35\u0d47\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f<\/td>\nDon’t want<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0d05\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d02<\/td>\nKnow<\/td>\n\u0d05\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32<\/td>\nDon’t know<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0d35\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15<\/td>\nTo come<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15<\/td>\nTo go<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0d15\u0d4a\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15<\/td>\nTo give (away)<\/td>\n\u0d35\u0d3e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d41\u0d15<\/td>\nTo buy\/take<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            ——————————————————————————–<\/p>\n

            Appendix F: Malayalam Words Taking Associative Case<\/h2>\n

            The Associative Case (\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d42\u0d39\u0d3f\u0d15 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d2d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f), marked by the suffix -\u0d13\u0d1f\u0d4d (-\u014d\u1e0du)<\/b>, is required by the following caseframes.<\/p>\n

            Caseframe: Communication and Interaction<\/h3>\n
              \n
            • \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d15 (parayuka):<\/b> To say\/tell (e.g., \u0d05\u0d35\u0d28\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d15 – Tell him).<\/li>\n
            • \u0d1a\u0d4b\u0d26\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15 (c\u014ddikkuka):<\/b> To ask (e.g., \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d1a\u0d4b\u0d26\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15 – Ask the teacher).<\/li>\n
            • \u0d38\u0d02\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15 (sa\u1e43s\u0101rikkuka):<\/b> To speak with (e.g., \u0d38\u0d41\u0d39\u0d43\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d38\u0d02\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15 – Speak with a friend).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Caseframe: Association and Comparison<\/h3>\n
                \n
              • \u0d15\u0d42\u0d1f\u0d46 (k\u016b\u1e0de):<\/b> With\/Along with (e.g., \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d15\u0d42\u0d1f\u0d46 – With me).<\/li>\n
              • \u0d05\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d (a\u1e0duttu):<\/b> Close to (denoting social proximity).<\/li>\n
              • \u0d24\u0d41\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d02 (tulyam):<\/b> Equal to (e.g., \u0d07\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d24\u0d41\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d02 – Equal to this).<\/li>\n
              • \u0d26\u0d47\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d02 (d\u0113\u1e63yam):<\/b> Anger toward (e.g., \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d26\u0d47\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d02 – Angry at the child).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Caseframe: Physical Interaction<\/h3>\n
                  \n
                • \u0d1a\u0d47\u0d30\u0d41\u0d15 (c\u0113ruka):<\/b> To join with \/ To fit (e.g., \u0d15\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d1a\u0d47\u0d30\u0d41\u0d15 – Join with the poet).<\/li>\n
                • \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15 (mu\u1e6d\u1e6duka):<\/b> To touch \/ To knock against (e.g., \u0d35\u0d3e\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15 – Knock against the door).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":33,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-86","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":21,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/86","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/86\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":163,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/86\/revisions\/163"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/21"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/86\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=86"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=86"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=86"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=86"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}