{"id":82,"date":"2026-05-12T21:29:46","date_gmt":"2026-05-12T20:29:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/chapter\/lesson-24-nouns-derived-from-verbs-and-comparisons-2\/"},"modified":"2026-05-18T10:16:18","modified_gmt":"2026-05-18T09:16:18","slug":"lesson-24-nouns-derived-from-verbs-and-comparisons-2","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/chapter\/lesson-24-nouns-derived-from-verbs-and-comparisons-2\/","title":{"raw":"Lesson Twenty four : Nouns Derived from Verbs and Comparisons","rendered":"Lesson Twenty four : Nouns Derived from Verbs and Comparisons"},"content":{"raw":"<h1>Lesson 24: Nouns Derived from Verbs and Comparisons (Transcription)<\/h1>\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n<b>Metadata<\/b>\n<ul>\n \t<li><b>Document Title:<\/b> Lesson 24: Nouns Derived from Verbs and Comparisons<\/li>\n \t<li><b>Source Text:<\/b> <i>Malayalam: A University Course and Reference Grammar<\/i> by Rodney F. Moag<\/li>\n \t<li><b>Print Page Range:<\/b> 369\u2013396<\/li>\n \t<li><b>Script:<\/b> Modern Unicode Malayalam<\/li>\n \t<li><b>Format:<\/b> OER Pressbook Digital Archive<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n<h2>1. Lesson 24 Vocabulary List<\/h2>\n<table border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Malayalam (Unicode)<\/td>\n<td>English Translation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING: SOURCE PAGE 369]<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING: SOURCE PAGE 369]<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n<h2>2. Reading Practice (Visual Patterns)<\/h2>\n<i>Following the methodology established in Lessons 1\u20137, this section focuses on eye-training for grammatical markers and joined units. Suffixes and markers are highlighted in <\/i><i><b>bold<\/b><\/i><i>.<\/i>\n<ul>\n \t<li><code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING: SOURCE PAGE 369]<\/code><\/li>\n \t<li><b>Model Pattern (Grammatical Suffixing):<\/b> [Word]<b>\u0d09\u0d02<\/b> \/ [Word]<b>\u0d07\u0d7d<\/b> \/ [Word]<b>\u0d13<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n<h2>3. Lesson 24 Conversation: Bilingual Transcription<\/h2>\n<table border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Malayalam (Unicode)<\/td>\n<td>English Translation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d7b:<\/b> <code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING]<\/code><\/td>\n<td><b>Raman:<\/b> <code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING]<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>\u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f:<\/b> <code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING]<\/code><\/td>\n<td><b>Mani:<\/b> <code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING]<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>\u0d24\u0d4b\u0d2e\u0d38\u0d4d:<\/b> <code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING]<\/code><\/td>\n<td><b>Mr. Thomas:<\/b> <code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING]<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n<h2>4. Grammar Notes (Detailed Analysis)<\/h2>\n<h3>24.1 Nouns Derived from Verbs (p. 378)<\/h3>\n<code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING: SOURCE PAGE 378]<\/code> <i>Linguistic Note: This section details the morphological process of nominalization where verb stems are transformed into nouns.<\/i>\n<h3>24.2 How to form Comparatives and Superlatives (p. 381)<\/h3>\n<code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING: SOURCE PAGE 381]<\/code> <i>Linguistic Note: Analysis of comparative syntax involving the dative\/ablative and the use of <\/i><i><b>\u0d15\u0d42\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d7d<\/b><\/i><i> or <\/i><i><b>\u0d0f\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d35\u0d41\u0d02<\/b><\/i><i> for superlative constructions.<\/i>\n<h3>24.3 The Compound Verb showing Self Benefit (p. 385)<\/h3>\n<code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING: SOURCE PAGE 385]<\/code> <i>Linguistic Note: Focusing on the auxiliary verb constructions, likely employing <\/i><i><b>\u0d15\u0d4a\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33\u0d41\u0d15<\/b><\/i><i> (to take for oneself) or related reflexive-beneficiary markers.<\/i>\n<h3>24.4 Placement of Articles and other Elements in the Noun Phrase (p. 386)<\/h3>\n<code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING: SOURCE PAGE 386]<\/code> <i>Linguistic Note: Detailed syntax regarding the ordering of modifiers, demonstratives, and numerals within the expanded Malayalam noun phrase.<\/i>\n<h3>24.5 Alternative Ways to Make Relative Clauses from Postpositions (p. 389)<\/h3>\n<code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING: SOURCE PAGE 389]<\/code> <i>Linguistic Note: Strategies for relativization that move beyond the standard verbal participle, utilizing postpositional structures.<\/i>\n<h3>24.6 Several More Ways to Say Can (p. 389)<\/h3>\n<code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING: SOURCE PAGE 389]<\/code> <i>Linguistic Note: A synthesis of modal expressions for capability, potentiality, and permission, including nuanced usage of <\/i><i><b>\u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02<\/b><\/i><i> (physical\/mental ability), <\/i><i><b>\u0d2a\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d41\u0d02<\/b><\/i><i> (informal capability), and <\/i><i><b>\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d27\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02<\/b><\/i><i> (possibility\/feasibility).<\/i>\n<h3>24.7 A Fuller Look at the Associative Case (p. 393)<\/h3>\n<code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING: SOURCE PAGE 393]<\/code> <i>Linguistic Note: An expansion upon the rules first introduced in <\/i><i><b>Lesson 8.3<\/b><\/i><i> (page 116). This section provides a comprehensive inventory of verbs and contexts requiring the associative case (the <\/i><i><b>-\u0d13\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/b><\/i><i> ending).<\/i>\n\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n<h2>5. Minilesson G (p. 394)<\/h2>\n<code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING: SOURCE PAGE 394]<\/code> <i>Archivist Note: Minilesson G concludes the grammatical instruction for Lesson 24 prior to the final exercises.<\/i>\n\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n<h2>6. Lesson 24 Exercises<\/h2>\n<h3>Exercise 1: [Title Pending]<\/h3>\n<b>Response Drill<\/b>\n<ol>\n \t<li><code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING]<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Exercise 2: [Title Pending]<\/h3>\n<b>Transformation Drill<\/b>\n\n<b>Model:<\/b> <code>[MODEL PENDING: SOURCE PAGE 395]<\/code>\n<ol>\n \t<li><code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING]<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Exercise 3: [Title Pending]<\/h3>\n<b>Writing Practice<\/b>\n<ul>\n \t<li><code>[Word combinations for joining practice pending]<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Exercise 4: Reading for Comprehension<\/h3>\n<b>Reading Practice<\/b>\n<ul>\n \t<li><i>Read the following sentences in Malayalam:<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n \t<li><code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING]<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Exercise 5: Translation<\/h3>\n<b>Translation Exercise<\/b>\n<ol>\n \t<li>[English Prompt Pending]\n<ul>\n \t<li><b>Malayalam:<\/b> _________________________________________________<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------","rendered":"<h1>Lesson 24: Nouns Derived from Verbs and Comparisons (Transcription)<\/h1>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/p>\n<p><b>Metadata<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Document Title:<\/b> Lesson 24: Nouns Derived from Verbs and Comparisons<\/li>\n<li><b>Source Text:<\/b> <i>Malayalam: A University Course and Reference Grammar<\/i> by Rodney F. Moag<\/li>\n<li><b>Print Page Range:<\/b> 369\u2013396<\/li>\n<li><b>Script:<\/b> Modern Unicode Malayalam<\/li>\n<li><b>Format:<\/b> OER Pressbook Digital Archive<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/p>\n<h2>1. Lesson 24 Vocabulary List<\/h2>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Malayalam (Unicode)<\/td>\n<td>English Translation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING: SOURCE PAGE 369]<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING: SOURCE PAGE 369]<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/p>\n<h2>2. Reading Practice (Visual Patterns)<\/h2>\n<p><i>Following the methodology established in Lessons 1\u20137, this section focuses on eye-training for grammatical markers and joined units. Suffixes and markers are highlighted in <\/i><i><b>bold<\/b><\/i><i>.<\/i><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING: SOURCE PAGE 369]<\/code><\/li>\n<li><b>Model Pattern (Grammatical Suffixing):<\/b> [Word]<b>\u0d09\u0d02<\/b> \/ [Word]<b>\u0d07\u0d7d<\/b> \/ [Word]<b>\u0d13<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/p>\n<h2>3. Lesson 24 Conversation: Bilingual Transcription<\/h2>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Malayalam (Unicode)<\/td>\n<td>English Translation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d7b:<\/b> <code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING]<\/code><\/td>\n<td><b>Raman:<\/b> <code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING]<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>\u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f:<\/b> <code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING]<\/code><\/td>\n<td><b>Mani:<\/b> <code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING]<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>\u0d24\u0d4b\u0d2e\u0d38\u0d4d:<\/b> <code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING]<\/code><\/td>\n<td><b>Mr. Thomas:<\/b> <code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING]<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/p>\n<h2>4. Grammar Notes (Detailed Analysis)<\/h2>\n<h3>24.1 Nouns Derived from Verbs (p. 378)<\/h3>\n<p><code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING: SOURCE PAGE 378]<\/code> <i>Linguistic Note: This section details the morphological process of nominalization where verb stems are transformed into nouns.<\/i><\/p>\n<h3>24.2 How to form Comparatives and Superlatives (p. 381)<\/h3>\n<p><code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING: SOURCE PAGE 381]<\/code> <i>Linguistic Note: Analysis of comparative syntax involving the dative\/ablative and the use of <\/i><i><b>\u0d15\u0d42\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d7d<\/b><\/i><i> or <\/i><i><b>\u0d0f\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d35\u0d41\u0d02<\/b><\/i><i> for superlative constructions.<\/i><\/p>\n<h3>24.3 The Compound Verb showing Self Benefit (p. 385)<\/h3>\n<p><code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING: SOURCE PAGE 385]<\/code> <i>Linguistic Note: Focusing on the auxiliary verb constructions, likely employing <\/i><i><b>\u0d15\u0d4a\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33\u0d41\u0d15<\/b><\/i><i> (to take for oneself) or related reflexive-beneficiary markers.<\/i><\/p>\n<h3>24.4 Placement of Articles and other Elements in the Noun Phrase (p. 386)<\/h3>\n<p><code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING: SOURCE PAGE 386]<\/code> <i>Linguistic Note: Detailed syntax regarding the ordering of modifiers, demonstratives, and numerals within the expanded Malayalam noun phrase.<\/i><\/p>\n<h3>24.5 Alternative Ways to Make Relative Clauses from Postpositions (p. 389)<\/h3>\n<p><code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING: SOURCE PAGE 389]<\/code> <i>Linguistic Note: Strategies for relativization that move beyond the standard verbal participle, utilizing postpositional structures.<\/i><\/p>\n<h3>24.6 Several More Ways to Say Can (p. 389)<\/h3>\n<p><code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING: SOURCE PAGE 389]<\/code> <i>Linguistic Note: A synthesis of modal expressions for capability, potentiality, and permission, including nuanced usage of <\/i><i><b>\u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02<\/b><\/i><i> (physical\/mental ability), <\/i><i><b>\u0d2a\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d41\u0d02<\/b><\/i><i> (informal capability), and <\/i><i><b>\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d27\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02<\/b><\/i><i> (possibility\/feasibility).<\/i><\/p>\n<h3>24.7 A Fuller Look at the Associative Case (p. 393)<\/h3>\n<p><code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING: SOURCE PAGE 393]<\/code> <i>Linguistic Note: An expansion upon the rules first introduced in <\/i><i><b>Lesson 8.3<\/b><\/i><i> (page 116). This section provides a comprehensive inventory of verbs and contexts requiring the associative case (the <\/i><i><b>-\u0d13\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/b><\/i><i> ending).<\/i><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/p>\n<h2>5. Minilesson G (p. 394)<\/h2>\n<p><code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING: SOURCE PAGE 394]<\/code> <i>Archivist Note: Minilesson G concludes the grammatical instruction for Lesson 24 prior to the final exercises.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/p>\n<h2>6. Lesson 24 Exercises<\/h2>\n<h3>Exercise 1: [Title Pending]<\/h3>\n<p><b>Response Drill<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING]<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Exercise 2: [Title Pending]<\/h3>\n<p><b>Transformation Drill<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Model:<\/b> <code>[MODEL PENDING: SOURCE PAGE 395]<\/code><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING]<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Exercise 3: [Title Pending]<\/h3>\n<p><b>Writing Practice<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>[Word combinations for joining practice pending]<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Exercise 4: Reading for Comprehension<\/h3>\n<p><b>Reading Practice<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i>Read the following sentences in Malayalam:<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li><code>[TRANSCRIPTION PENDING]<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Exercise 5: Translation<\/h3>\n<p><b>Translation Exercise<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>[English Prompt Pending]\n<ul>\n<li><b>Malayalam:<\/b> _________________________________________________<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":31,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-82","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":21,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/82","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/82\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":83,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/82\/revisions\/83"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/21"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/82\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=82"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=82"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=82"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=82"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}