{"id":72,"date":"2026-05-12T08:41:12","date_gmt":"2026-05-12T07:41:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/chapter\/lesson-25-written-style-in-malayalam-%e0%b4%ae%e0%b4%b2%e0%b4%af%e0%b4%be%e0%b4%b3%e0%b4%a4%e0%b5%8d%e0%b4%a4%e0%b4%bf%e0%b4%b2%e0%b5%86-%e0%b4%b2%e0%b4%bf%e0%b4%96%e0%b4%bf%e0%b4%a4-%e0%b4%b6\/"},"modified":"2026-05-18T10:16:17","modified_gmt":"2026-05-18T09:16:17","slug":"lesson-25-written-style-in-malayalam-%e0%b4%ae%e0%b4%b2%e0%b4%af%e0%b4%be%e0%b4%b3%e0%b4%a4%e0%b5%8d%e0%b4%a4%e0%b4%bf%e0%b4%b2%e0%b5%86-%e0%b4%b2%e0%b4%bf%e0%b4%96%e0%b4%bf%e0%b4%a4-%e0%b4%b6","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/chapter\/lesson-25-written-style-in-malayalam-%e0%b4%ae%e0%b4%b2%e0%b4%af%e0%b4%be%e0%b4%b3%e0%b4%a4%e0%b5%8d%e0%b4%a4%e0%b4%bf%e0%b4%b2%e0%b5%86-%e0%b4%b2%e0%b4%bf%e0%b4%96%e0%b4%bf%e0%b4%a4-%e0%b4%b6\/","title":{"raw":"Lesson Twenty five: Written Style in Malayalam (\u0d2e\u0d32\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d46 \u0d32\u0d3f\u0d16\u0d3f\u0d24 \u0d36\u0d48\u0d32\u0d3f)","rendered":"Lesson Twenty five: Written Style in Malayalam (\u0d2e\u0d32\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d46 \u0d32\u0d3f\u0d16\u0d3f\u0d24 \u0d36\u0d48\u0d32\u0d3f)"},"content":{"raw":"
Lesson 25: Written Style in Malayalam (\u0d2e\u0d32\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d46 \u0d32\u0d3f\u0d16\u0d3f\u0d24 \u0d36\u0d48\u0d32\u0d3f)<\/b><\/div>\n
Lesson 25: Text (transcription)<\/b><\/div>\n
\u0d2e\u0d32\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d24\u0d28\u0d24\u0d41 \u0d30\u0d42\u0d2a\u0d02 (The Native Form of Malayalam):<\/b> \u0d15\u0d47\u0d30\u0d33\u0d02 \u0d05\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d15\u0d43\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2d\u0d02\u0d17\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d02\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15 \u0d2a\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d36\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d2f \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f \u0d38\u0d02\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d<\/span>. \u0d2e\u0d32\u0d15\u0d33\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d24\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d33\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d34\u0d15\u0d33\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d31\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e \u0d08 \u0d2e\u0d28\u0d4b\u0d39\u0d30 \u0d2d\u0d42\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d26\u0d47\u0d36\u0d02 \u0d06\u0d30\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d39\u0d43\u0d26\u0d2f\u0d02 \u0d15\u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d<\/span>. \u0d15\u0d47\u0d30\u0d33\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d2d\u0d42\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d15\u0d43\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d46 \u0d2e\u0d32\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d1f\u0d4d, \u0d07\u0d1f\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d1f\u0d4d, \u0d24\u0d40\u0d30\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d26\u0d47\u0d36\u0d02 \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d28\u0d46 \u0d2e\u0d42\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f \u0d24\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/span>. \u0d2e\u0d32\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d27\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d24\u0d47\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32, \u0d31\u0d2c\u0d4d\u0d2c\u0d7c, \u0d15\u0d41\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d33\u0d15\u0d4d, \u0d0f\u0d32\u0d02 \u0d24\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d3f\u0d2f \u0d15\u0d43\u0d37\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d47\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d15\u0d47\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d<\/span>. \u0d07\u0d1f\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d24\u0d46\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d4d, \u0d28\u0d46\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d4d, \u0d15\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d15\u0d32\u0d35\u0d31\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d<\/span>.<\/span><\/div>\n
\u0d15\u0d47\u0d30\u0d33\u0d40\u0d2f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d1c\u0d40\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d24\u0d36\u0d48\u0d32\u0d3f \u0d32\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d24\u0d35\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d09\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d24\u0d35\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d<\/span>. \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d28\u0d47\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d37\u0d7c\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d06\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d30\u0d41\u0d37\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d30\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d17\u0d24 \u0d35\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d02<\/span>. \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d40\u0d15\u0d33\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d33\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d32 \u0d24\u0d30\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d41\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33 \u0d35\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d27\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/span>. \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d2d\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d38\u0d02, \u0d2e\u0d30\u0d35\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d35\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d02, \u0d2e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d2c\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d27\u0d28\u0d02 \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d35 \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d27\u0d3e\u0d28 \u0d24\u0d4a\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d41\u0d15\u0d33\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d<\/span>. \u0d15\u0d25\u0d15\u0d33\u0d3f, \u0d2e\u0d4b\u0d39\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d02, \u0d24\u0d41\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33\u0d7d \u0d24\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d3f\u0d2f \u0d15\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d42\u0d2a\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d15\u0d47\u0d30\u0d33\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d32\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d36\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f \u0d28\u0d47\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4a\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41<\/span>. \u0d2e\u0d32\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d02 \u0d14\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d3f\u0d15 \u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d37\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d46\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d07\u0d02\u0d17\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d40\u0d37\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d07\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d27\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f \u0d09\u0d2a\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d46\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/span>. \u0d2a\u0d32 \u0d2e\u0d24\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d46\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d35\u0d7c \u0d12\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4a\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28 \u0d15\u0d47\u0d30\u0d33\u0d02 \u0d12\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4a\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d28\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d4a\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d09\u0d26\u0d3e\u0d39\u0d30\u0d23\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d<\/span>.<\/span><\/div>\n
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <\/span><\/div>\n
Lesson 25: Vocabulary (transcription)<\/b> [1238\u20131242]<\/span><\/div>\n
    \n \t
  • \u0d24\u0d28\u0d24\u0d41 \u0d30\u0d42\u0d2a\u0d02 (thanathu roopam):<\/b> native form \/ original form<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d15\u0d43\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2d\u0d02\u0d17\u0d3f (prakruthibhangi):<\/b> natural beauty<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • \u0d38\u0d02\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d02 (samsthaanam):<\/b> state<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d34\u0d15\u0d7e (puzhakal):<\/b> rivers<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • \u0d39\u0d43\u0d26\u0d2f\u0d02 \u0d15\u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d15 (hrudayam kavaruka):<\/b> to steal the heart<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • \u0d2d\u0d42\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d15\u0d43\u0d24\u0d3f (bhooprakruthi):<\/b> geographic layout<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • \u0d24\u0d40\u0d30\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d26\u0d47\u0d36\u0d02 (theerapradesham):<\/b> coastal region<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • \u0d24\u0d47\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32 (theeyila):<\/b> tea leaves<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • \u0d15\u0d41\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d33\u0d15\u0d4d (kurumulaku):<\/b> black pepper<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • \u0d0f\u0d32\u0d02 (eelam):<\/b> cardamom<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • \u0d24\u0d46\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d4d (thengu):<\/b> coconut tree<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • \u0d28\u0d46\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d4d (nellu):<\/b> rice (paddy)<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • \u0d15\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a (kappa):<\/b> tapioca<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • \u0d1c\u0d40\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d24\u0d36\u0d48\u0d32\u0d3f (jeevithashaili):<\/b> lifestyle<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • \u0d15\u0d25\u0d15\u0d33\u0d3f (kathakali):<\/b> traditional dance drama<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • \u0d12\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4a\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2e (oththoruma):<\/b> unity \/ fellowship<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <\/span><\/div>\n
    Lesson 25: Grammar Notes (transcription)<\/b> [1264\u20131274]<\/span><\/div>\n
    25.1 Complement of Result Clauses:<\/b> Certain transitive verbs use a second object to represent the result of an action. These result clauses are marked with <\/span>-\u0d06\u0d2f\u0d3f (-aayi)<\/b>, the conjunctive form of <\/span>aakuka<\/i> (to become)<\/span>.<\/span><\/div>\n
      \n \t
    • Example:<\/i> \u0d15\u0d47\u0d30\u0d33\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46 \u0d2e\u0d42\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f \u0d24\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41 (Divided Kerala into three)<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      25.2 Common Titles in Modern Kerala Life:<\/b> Modern honorifics derived from Sanskrit are used for social distance and neutrality in formal settings<\/span>.<\/span><\/div>\n
        \n \t
      • \u0d36\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d40 (Sree):<\/b> Mister<\/span><\/li>\n \t
      • \u0d36\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d40\u0d2e\u0d24\u0d3f (Sreemathi):<\/b> Mrs.<\/span><\/li>\n \t
      • \u0d15\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f (Kumari):<\/b> Miss<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        25.3 Characteristics of Written Style in Malayalam:<\/b> Formal written Malayalam is distinguished from the spoken register by:<\/span><\/div>\n
          \n \t
        1. Loftier Vocabulary:<\/b> Preferring Sanskrit-derived terms over common Dravidian words (e.g., using <\/span>nadi<\/i> for <\/span>puzha<\/i>)<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n \t
        2. Sentence Length:<\/b> Longer sentences with high grammatical complexity<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n \t
        3. Complex Clause Linking:<\/b> Frequent use of coordinate and subordinate conjunctions<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n \t
        4. Passive Voice:<\/b> More frequent use of passive constructions and subjectless verbs<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <\/span><\/div>\n
          Lesson 25: Exercises (transcription)<\/b> [1249\u20131263]<\/span><\/div>\n
          Exercise 1: Reading Comprehension<\/b> Prepare written Malayalam responses to the following questions based on the text:<\/span><\/div>\n
            \n \t
          1. \u0d15\u0d47\u0d30\u0d33\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d15\u0d43\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2d\u0d02\u0d17\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d46\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4d \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41 \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41? (What is said about Kerala's natural beauty?)<\/span><\/li>\n \t
          2. \u0d15\u0d47\u0d30\u0d33\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d27\u0d3e\u0d28 \u0d15\u0d43\u0d37\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d0f\u0d35? (What are the main crops of Kerala?)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            Exercise 2: Derived Nouns<\/b> Provide the derived noun form for the following verbs:<\/span><\/div>\n
              \n \t
            • \u0d2d\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15 (to rule) <\/span>\u2192<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0d2d\u0d30\u0d23\u0d02 (rule)<\/span><\/li>\n \t
            • \u0d35\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15 (to come) <\/span>\u2192<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0d35\u0d30\u0d35\u0d4d (arrival)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
              Exercise 3: Conjunctions<\/b> Combine the pairs of sentences provided in the text using the \"even though\" (<\/span>-\u0d0e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d41\u0d02<\/b>) construction.<\/span><\/div>","rendered":"
              Lesson 25: Written Style in Malayalam (\u0d2e\u0d32\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d46 \u0d32\u0d3f\u0d16\u0d3f\u0d24 \u0d36\u0d48\u0d32\u0d3f)<\/b><\/div>\n
              Lesson 25: Text (transcription)<\/b><\/div>\n
              \u0d2e\u0d32\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d24\u0d28\u0d24\u0d41 \u0d30\u0d42\u0d2a\u0d02 (The Native Form of Malayalam):<\/b> \u0d15\u0d47\u0d30\u0d33\u0d02 \u0d05\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d15\u0d43\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2d\u0d02\u0d17\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d02\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15 \u0d2a\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d36\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d2f \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f \u0d38\u0d02\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d<\/span>. \u0d2e\u0d32\u0d15\u0d33\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d24\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d33\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d34\u0d15\u0d33\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d31\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e \u0d08 \u0d2e\u0d28\u0d4b\u0d39\u0d30 \u0d2d\u0d42\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d26\u0d47\u0d36\u0d02 \u0d06\u0d30\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d39\u0d43\u0d26\u0d2f\u0d02 \u0d15\u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d<\/span>. \u0d15\u0d47\u0d30\u0d33\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d2d\u0d42\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d15\u0d43\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d46 \u0d2e\u0d32\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d1f\u0d4d, \u0d07\u0d1f\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d1f\u0d4d, \u0d24\u0d40\u0d30\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d26\u0d47\u0d36\u0d02 \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d28\u0d46 \u0d2e\u0d42\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f \u0d24\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/span>. \u0d2e\u0d32\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d27\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d24\u0d47\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32, \u0d31\u0d2c\u0d4d\u0d2c\u0d7c, \u0d15\u0d41\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d33\u0d15\u0d4d, \u0d0f\u0d32\u0d02 \u0d24\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d3f\u0d2f \u0d15\u0d43\u0d37\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d47\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d15\u0d47\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d<\/span>. \u0d07\u0d1f\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d24\u0d46\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d4d, \u0d28\u0d46\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d4d, \u0d15\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d15\u0d32\u0d35\u0d31\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d<\/span>.<\/span><\/div>\n
              \u0d15\u0d47\u0d30\u0d33\u0d40\u0d2f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d1c\u0d40\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d24\u0d36\u0d48\u0d32\u0d3f \u0d32\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d24\u0d35\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d09\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d24\u0d35\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d<\/span>. \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d28\u0d47\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d37\u0d7c\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d06\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d30\u0d41\u0d37\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d30\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d17\u0d24 \u0d35\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d02<\/span>. \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d40\u0d15\u0d33\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d33\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d32 \u0d24\u0d30\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d41\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33 \u0d35\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d27\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/span>. \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d2d\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d38\u0d02, \u0d2e\u0d30\u0d35\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d35\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d02, \u0d2e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d2c\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d27\u0d28\u0d02 \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d35 \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d27\u0d3e\u0d28 \u0d24\u0d4a\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d41\u0d15\u0d33\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d<\/span>. \u0d15\u0d25\u0d15\u0d33\u0d3f, \u0d2e\u0d4b\u0d39\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d02, \u0d24\u0d41\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33\u0d7d \u0d24\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d3f\u0d2f \u0d15\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d42\u0d2a\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d15\u0d47\u0d30\u0d33\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d32\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d36\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f \u0d28\u0d47\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4a\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41<\/span>. \u0d2e\u0d32\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d02 \u0d14\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d3f\u0d15 \u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d37\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d46\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d07\u0d02\u0d17\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d40\u0d37\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d07\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d27\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f \u0d09\u0d2a\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d46\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/span>. \u0d2a\u0d32 \u0d2e\u0d24\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d46\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d35\u0d7c \u0d12\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4a\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28 \u0d15\u0d47\u0d30\u0d33\u0d02 \u0d12\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4a\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d28\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d4a\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d09\u0d26\u0d3e\u0d39\u0d30\u0d23\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d<\/span>.<\/span><\/div>\n
              ——————————————————————————– <\/span><\/div>\n
              Lesson 25: Vocabulary (transcription)<\/b> [1238\u20131242]<\/span><\/div>\n
                \n
              • \u0d24\u0d28\u0d24\u0d41 \u0d30\u0d42\u0d2a\u0d02 (thanathu roopam):<\/b> native form \/ original form<\/span><\/li>\n
              • \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d15\u0d43\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2d\u0d02\u0d17\u0d3f (prakruthibhangi):<\/b> natural beauty<\/span><\/li>\n
              • \u0d38\u0d02\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d02 (samsthaanam):<\/b> state<\/span><\/li>\n
              • \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d34\u0d15\u0d7e (puzhakal):<\/b> rivers<\/span><\/li>\n
              • \u0d39\u0d43\u0d26\u0d2f\u0d02 \u0d15\u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d15 (hrudayam kavaruka):<\/b> to steal the heart<\/span><\/li>\n
              • \u0d2d\u0d42\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d15\u0d43\u0d24\u0d3f (bhooprakruthi):<\/b> geographic layout<\/span><\/li>\n
              • \u0d24\u0d40\u0d30\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d26\u0d47\u0d36\u0d02 (theerapradesham):<\/b> coastal region<\/span><\/li>\n
              • \u0d24\u0d47\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32 (theeyila):<\/b> tea leaves<\/span><\/li>\n
              • \u0d15\u0d41\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d33\u0d15\u0d4d (kurumulaku):<\/b> black pepper<\/span><\/li>\n
              • \u0d0f\u0d32\u0d02 (eelam):<\/b> cardamom<\/span><\/li>\n
              • \u0d24\u0d46\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d4d (thengu):<\/b> coconut tree<\/span><\/li>\n
              • \u0d28\u0d46\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d4d (nellu):<\/b> rice (paddy)<\/span><\/li>\n
              • \u0d15\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a (kappa):<\/b> tapioca<\/span><\/li>\n
              • \u0d1c\u0d40\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d24\u0d36\u0d48\u0d32\u0d3f (jeevithashaili):<\/b> lifestyle<\/span><\/li>\n
              • \u0d15\u0d25\u0d15\u0d33\u0d3f (kathakali):<\/b> traditional dance drama<\/span><\/li>\n
              • \u0d12\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4a\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2e (oththoruma):<\/b> unity \/ fellowship<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                ——————————————————————————– <\/span><\/div>\n
                Lesson 25: Grammar Notes (transcription)<\/b> [1264\u20131274]<\/span><\/div>\n
                25.1 Complement of Result Clauses:<\/b> Certain transitive verbs use a second object to represent the result of an action. These result clauses are marked with <\/span>-\u0d06\u0d2f\u0d3f (-aayi)<\/b>, the conjunctive form of <\/span>aakuka<\/i> (to become)<\/span>.<\/span><\/div>\n
                  \n
                • Example:<\/i> \u0d15\u0d47\u0d30\u0d33\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46 \u0d2e\u0d42\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f \u0d24\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41 (Divided Kerala into three)<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                  25.2 Common Titles in Modern Kerala Life:<\/b> Modern honorifics derived from Sanskrit are used for social distance and neutrality in formal settings<\/span>.<\/span><\/div>\n
                    \n
                  • \u0d36\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d40 (Sree):<\/b> Mister<\/span><\/li>\n
                  • \u0d36\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d40\u0d2e\u0d24\u0d3f (Sreemathi):<\/b> Mrs.<\/span><\/li>\n
                  • \u0d15\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f (Kumari):<\/b> Miss<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                    25.3 Characteristics of Written Style in Malayalam:<\/b> Formal written Malayalam is distinguished from the spoken register by:<\/span><\/div>\n
                      \n
                    1. Loftier Vocabulary:<\/b> Preferring Sanskrit-derived terms over common Dravidian words (e.g., using <\/span>nadi<\/i> for <\/span>puzha<\/i>)<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
                    2. Sentence Length:<\/b> Longer sentences with high grammatical complexity<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
                    3. Complex Clause Linking:<\/b> Frequent use of coordinate and subordinate conjunctions<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
                    4. Passive Voice:<\/b> More frequent use of passive constructions and subjectless verbs<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                      ——————————————————————————– <\/span><\/div>\n
                      Lesson 25: Exercises (transcription)<\/b> [1249\u20131263]<\/span><\/div>\n
                      Exercise 1: Reading Comprehension<\/b> Prepare written Malayalam responses to the following questions based on the text:<\/span><\/div>\n
                        \n
                      1. \u0d15\u0d47\u0d30\u0d33\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d15\u0d43\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2d\u0d02\u0d17\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d46\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4d \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41 \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41? (What is said about Kerala’s natural beauty?)<\/span><\/li>\n
                      2. \u0d15\u0d47\u0d30\u0d33\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d27\u0d3e\u0d28 \u0d15\u0d43\u0d37\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d0f\u0d35? (What are the main crops of Kerala?)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                        Exercise 2: Derived Nouns<\/b> Provide the derived noun form for the following verbs:<\/span><\/div>\n
                          \n
                        • \u0d2d\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15 (to rule) <\/span>\u2192<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0d2d\u0d30\u0d23\u0d02 (rule)<\/span><\/li>\n
                        • \u0d35\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15 (to come) <\/span>\u2192<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0d35\u0d30\u0d35\u0d4d (arrival)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                          Exercise 3: Conjunctions<\/b> Combine the pairs of sentences provided in the text using the “even though” (<\/span>-\u0d0e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d41\u0d02<\/b>) construction.<\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":26,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-72","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":21,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/72","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/72\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":73,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/72\/revisions\/73"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/21"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/72\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=72"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=72"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=72"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=72"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}