{"id":68,"date":"2026-05-11T21:09:52","date_gmt":"2026-05-11T20:09:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/chapter\/lesson-23\/"},"modified":"2026-05-18T10:16:17","modified_gmt":"2026-05-18T09:16:17","slug":"lesson-23","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/chapter\/lesson-23\/","title":{"raw":"Lesson Twentythree","rendered":"Lesson Twentythree"},"content":{"raw":"
Lesson 23: Conversation (transcription)<\/b><\/div>\n
\u0d2c\u0d3f\u0d7d:<\/b> \u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f! \u0d28\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d7e \u0d05\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24 \u0d06\u0d34\u0d4d\u0d1a \u0d15\u0d47\u0d30\u0d33\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30 \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d4b.<\/span> (Bill: Mani! We are going on a trip to Kerala next week, right?)<\/span><\/div>\n
\u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f:<\/b> \u0d05\u0d24\u0d46. \u0d28\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d7e \u0d2c\u0d41\u0d27\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d4d\u0d1a \u0d24\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d35\u0d28\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d2a\u0d41\u0d30\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d24\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d41\u0d02.<\/span> (Mani: Yes. We will start from Trivandrum on Wednesday.)<\/span><\/div>\n
\u0d2c\u0d3f\u0d7d:<\/b> \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d0e\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4a\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02?<\/span> (Bill: Then where all will we go?)<\/span><\/div>\n
\u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f:<\/b> \u0d28\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d7e \u0d15\u0d4b\u0d35\u0d33\u0d02, \u0d15\u0d4a\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d02, \u0d06\u0d32\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d41\u0d34 \u0d35\u0d34\u0d3f \u0d15\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41 \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d41\u0d02. \u0d05\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d28\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d7e \u0d24\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02.<\/span> (Mani: We will go via Kovalam, Quilon, and Alleppey to Kottayam. From there, we will go to Thekkady.)<\/span><\/div>\n
\u0d2c\u0d3f\u0d7d:<\/b> \u0d24\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d2e\u0d43\u0d17\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d33\u0d46 \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d4b?<\/span> (Bill: Will we be able to see animals in Thekkady?)<\/span><\/div>\n
\u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f:<\/b> \u0d05\u0d24\u0d46, \u0d05\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d1c\u0d40\u0d35\u0d3f \u0d38\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d47\u0d24\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d. \u0d28\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d7e \u0d2c\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30 \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d7e \u0d06\u0d28\u0d15\u0d33\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d2e\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d3e\u0d02.<\/span> (Mani: Yes, there is a wildlife sanctuary there. When we go on a boat trip, we can see elephants and others.)<\/span><\/div>\n
\u0d2c\u0d3f\u0d7d:<\/b> \u0d05\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d41\u0d36\u0d47\u0d37\u0d02 \u0d0e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d24\u0d4d?<\/span> (Bill: Where are we going after that?)<\/span><\/div>\n
\u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f:<\/b> \u0d28\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d7e \u0d24\u0d43\u0d36\u0d4d\u0d36\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02. \u0d05\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d24\u0d43\u0d36\u0d4d\u0d36\u0d42\u0d7c \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d02 \u0d28\u0d1f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3e\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02.<\/span> (Mani: We will go to Trichur. The Trichur Puram will be going on there.)<\/span><\/div>\n
\u0d2c\u0d3f\u0d7d:<\/b> \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d02 \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d28\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32 \u0d24\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d4b.<\/span> (Bill: It will be very crowded to see the Puram, won't it?)<\/span><\/div>\n
\u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f:<\/b> \u0d05\u0d24\u0d46, \u0d2a\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37\u0d46 \u0d05\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d47\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d4d\u0d1a \u0d24\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d.<\/span> (Mani: Yes, but it is indeed a sight that must be seen.)<\/span><\/div>\n
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <\/span><\/div>\n
Lesson 23: Vocabulary (transcription)<\/b><\/div>\n
    \n \t
  • \u0d2c\u0d41\u0d27\u0d7b (budhan):<\/b> Wednesday<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • \u0d35\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d02 (vyaazham):<\/b> Thursday<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • \u0d24\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d41\u0d15 (thudanguuka):<\/b> to begin<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • \u0d35\u0d34\u0d3f (vazhi):<\/b> via \/ way<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • \u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30 (yaathra):<\/b> journey \/ trip<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • \u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d1c\u0d40\u0d35\u0d3f \u0d38\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d47\u0d24\u0d02 (vanyajeevi sanketham):<\/b> wildlife sanctuary<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d4d\u0d1a (kaazhcha):<\/b> sight \/ vision<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • \u0d24\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d (thirakku):<\/b> crowd \/ rush<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d02 (pooram):<\/b> temple festival<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • \u0d38\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4b\u0d37\u0d02 (santhosham):<\/b> happiness \/ pleasure<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <\/span><\/div>\n
    Lesson 23: Grammar Notes (transcription)<\/b><\/div>\n
    23.1 Three Negative Prefixes:<\/b> In Malayalam, negative meanings can be added to Sanskrit-derived nouns using prefixes like <\/span>\u0d05- (a-)<\/b>, <\/span>\u0d35\u0d3f- (vi-)<\/b>, and <\/span>\u0d28\u0d3f- (ni-)<\/b>.<\/span><\/div>\n
      \n \t
    • Example: <\/span>\u0d38\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4b\u0d37\u0d02<\/b> (happiness) becomes <\/span>\u0d05\u0d38\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4b\u0d37\u0d02<\/b> (unhappiness).<\/span><\/li>\n \t
    • Example: <\/span>\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d36\u0d4d\u0d35\u0d3e\u0d38\u0d02<\/b> (belief) becomes <\/span>\u0d05\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d36\u0d4d\u0d35\u0d3e\u0d38\u0d02<\/b> (disbelief).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      23.2 Summing Up on Conditional Sentences:<\/b> Conditional clauses (\"if\" clauses) can be categorized into three timeframes:<\/span><\/div>\n
        \n \t
      1. Future:<\/b> Uses the future\/habitual stem + <\/span>-\u0d0e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d7d (-engil)<\/b>.<\/span><\/li>\n \t
      2. Present:<\/b> Uses the past stem + <\/span>-\u0d06\u0d7d (-aal)<\/b>.<\/span><\/li>\n \t
      3. Past:<\/b> Uses the past stem + <\/span>-\u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d46\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d7d (-irunnengil)<\/b>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        23.3 Emphasis Using the Citation Form:<\/b> Emphasis can be added to a verb by using its citation form followed by the particle <\/span>-\u0d09\u0d02 (-um)<\/b> and the auxiliary <\/span>\u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d15 (cheyyuka)<\/b>.<\/span><\/div>\n
        23.5 Compound Verb Signifying Agreement or Probability:<\/b> The auxiliary <\/span>\u0d07\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15 (irikkuka)<\/b> can be added to a verb to signify that an action is likely or that the speaker agrees with a proposal.<\/span><\/div>\n
        -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <\/span><\/div>\n
        Lesson 23: Exercises (transcription)<\/b><\/div>\n
        Exercise 1: Negative Prefixes<\/b> Form antonyms for the following words using the negative prefixes provided in the lesson (\u0d05-, \u0d35\u0d3f-, \u0d28\u0d3f-).<\/span><\/div>\n
        Exercise 2: Conditional Sentences<\/b> Combine the following pairs of sentences into single conditional sentences showing future, present, and past timeframes.<\/span><\/div>\n
        Exercise 3: Translation<\/b> Translate the provided English sentences regarding travel plans and festival observations into Unicode Malayalam.<\/span><\/div>\n
        I have included the core content from print pages 351\u2013368.<\/span> Since you mentioned returning tomorrow for the formal reports, I will have the dedicated reports for <\/span>Lesson 20, 21, 22, and 23<\/b> ready for you in the Studio tab when you get back.<\/span><\/div>\n
        Would you like me to provide the in-chat transcription for <\/span>Lesson 24: Nouns Derived from Verbs and Comparisons<\/b> now before we conclude for today?<\/span><\/div>","rendered":"
        Lesson 23: Conversation (transcription)<\/b><\/div>\n
        \u0d2c\u0d3f\u0d7d:<\/b> \u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f! \u0d28\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d7e \u0d05\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24 \u0d06\u0d34\u0d4d\u0d1a \u0d15\u0d47\u0d30\u0d33\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30 \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d4b.<\/span> (Bill: Mani! We are going on a trip to Kerala next week, right?)<\/span><\/div>\n
        \u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f:<\/b> \u0d05\u0d24\u0d46. \u0d28\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d7e \u0d2c\u0d41\u0d27\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d4d\u0d1a \u0d24\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d35\u0d28\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d2a\u0d41\u0d30\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d24\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d41\u0d02.<\/span> (Mani: Yes. We will start from Trivandrum on Wednesday.)<\/span><\/div>\n
        \u0d2c\u0d3f\u0d7d:<\/b> \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d0e\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4a\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02?<\/span> (Bill: Then where all will we go?)<\/span><\/div>\n
        \u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f:<\/b> \u0d28\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d7e \u0d15\u0d4b\u0d35\u0d33\u0d02, \u0d15\u0d4a\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d02, \u0d06\u0d32\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d41\u0d34 \u0d35\u0d34\u0d3f \u0d15\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41 \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d41\u0d02. \u0d05\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d28\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d7e \u0d24\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02.<\/span> (Mani: We will go via Kovalam, Quilon, and Alleppey to Kottayam. From there, we will go to Thekkady.)<\/span><\/div>\n
        \u0d2c\u0d3f\u0d7d:<\/b> \u0d24\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d2e\u0d43\u0d17\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d33\u0d46 \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d4b?<\/span> (Bill: Will we be able to see animals in Thekkady?)<\/span><\/div>\n
        \u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f:<\/b> \u0d05\u0d24\u0d46, \u0d05\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d1c\u0d40\u0d35\u0d3f \u0d38\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d47\u0d24\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d. \u0d28\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d7e \u0d2c\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30 \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d7e \u0d06\u0d28\u0d15\u0d33\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d2e\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d3e\u0d02.<\/span> (Mani: Yes, there is a wildlife sanctuary there. When we go on a boat trip, we can see elephants and others.)<\/span><\/div>\n
        \u0d2c\u0d3f\u0d7d:<\/b> \u0d05\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d41\u0d36\u0d47\u0d37\u0d02 \u0d0e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d24\u0d4d?<\/span> (Bill: Where are we going after that?)<\/span><\/div>\n
        \u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f:<\/b> \u0d28\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d7e \u0d24\u0d43\u0d36\u0d4d\u0d36\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02. \u0d05\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d24\u0d43\u0d36\u0d4d\u0d36\u0d42\u0d7c \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d02 \u0d28\u0d1f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3e\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02.<\/span> (Mani: We will go to Trichur. The Trichur Puram will be going on there.)<\/span><\/div>\n
        \u0d2c\u0d3f\u0d7d:<\/b> \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d02 \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d28\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32 \u0d24\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d4b.<\/span> (Bill: It will be very crowded to see the Puram, won’t it?)<\/span><\/div>\n
        \u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f:<\/b> \u0d05\u0d24\u0d46, \u0d2a\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37\u0d46 \u0d05\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d47\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d4d\u0d1a \u0d24\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d.<\/span> (Mani: Yes, but it is indeed a sight that must be seen.)<\/span><\/div>\n
        ——————————————————————————– <\/span><\/div>\n
        Lesson 23: Vocabulary (transcription)<\/b><\/div>\n
          \n
        • \u0d2c\u0d41\u0d27\u0d7b (budhan):<\/b> Wednesday<\/span><\/li>\n
        • \u0d35\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d02 (vyaazham):<\/b> Thursday<\/span><\/li>\n
        • \u0d24\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d41\u0d15 (thudanguuka):<\/b> to begin<\/span><\/li>\n
        • \u0d35\u0d34\u0d3f (vazhi):<\/b> via \/ way<\/span><\/li>\n
        • \u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30 (yaathra):<\/b> journey \/ trip<\/span><\/li>\n
        • \u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d1c\u0d40\u0d35\u0d3f \u0d38\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d47\u0d24\u0d02 (vanyajeevi sanketham):<\/b> wildlife sanctuary<\/span><\/li>\n
        • \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d4d\u0d1a (kaazhcha):<\/b> sight \/ vision<\/span><\/li>\n
        • \u0d24\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d (thirakku):<\/b> crowd \/ rush<\/span><\/li>\n
        • \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d02 (pooram):<\/b> temple festival<\/span><\/li>\n
        • \u0d38\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4b\u0d37\u0d02 (santhosham):<\/b> happiness \/ pleasure<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          ——————————————————————————– <\/span><\/div>\n
          Lesson 23: Grammar Notes (transcription)<\/b><\/div>\n
          23.1 Three Negative Prefixes:<\/b> In Malayalam, negative meanings can be added to Sanskrit-derived nouns using prefixes like <\/span>\u0d05- (a-)<\/b>, <\/span>\u0d35\u0d3f- (vi-)<\/b>, and <\/span>\u0d28\u0d3f- (ni-)<\/b>.<\/span><\/div>\n
            \n
          • Example: <\/span>\u0d38\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4b\u0d37\u0d02<\/b> (happiness) becomes <\/span>\u0d05\u0d38\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4b\u0d37\u0d02<\/b> (unhappiness).<\/span><\/li>\n
          • Example: <\/span>\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d36\u0d4d\u0d35\u0d3e\u0d38\u0d02<\/b> (belief) becomes <\/span>\u0d05\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d36\u0d4d\u0d35\u0d3e\u0d38\u0d02<\/b> (disbelief).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
            23.2 Summing Up on Conditional Sentences:<\/b> Conditional clauses (“if” clauses) can be categorized into three timeframes:<\/span><\/div>\n
              \n
            1. Future:<\/b> Uses the future\/habitual stem + <\/span>-\u0d0e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d7d (-engil)<\/b>.<\/span><\/li>\n
            2. Present:<\/b> Uses the past stem + <\/span>-\u0d06\u0d7d (-aal)<\/b>.<\/span><\/li>\n
            3. Past:<\/b> Uses the past stem + <\/span>-\u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d46\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d7d (-irunnengil)<\/b>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              23.3 Emphasis Using the Citation Form:<\/b> Emphasis can be added to a verb by using its citation form followed by the particle <\/span>-\u0d09\u0d02 (-um)<\/b> and the auxiliary <\/span>\u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d15 (cheyyuka)<\/b>.<\/span><\/div>\n
              23.5 Compound Verb Signifying Agreement or Probability:<\/b> The auxiliary <\/span>\u0d07\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15 (irikkuka)<\/b> can be added to a verb to signify that an action is likely or that the speaker agrees with a proposal.<\/span><\/div>\n
              ——————————————————————————– <\/span><\/div>\n
              Lesson 23: Exercises (transcription)<\/b><\/div>\n
              Exercise 1: Negative Prefixes<\/b> Form antonyms for the following words using the negative prefixes provided in the lesson (\u0d05-, \u0d35\u0d3f-, \u0d28\u0d3f-).<\/span><\/div>\n
              Exercise 2: Conditional Sentences<\/b> Combine the following pairs of sentences into single conditional sentences showing future, present, and past timeframes.<\/span><\/div>\n
              Exercise 3: Translation<\/b> Translate the provided English sentences regarding travel plans and festival observations into Unicode Malayalam.<\/span><\/div>\n
              I have included the core content from print pages 351\u2013368.<\/span> Since you mentioned returning tomorrow for the formal reports, I will have the dedicated reports for <\/span>Lesson 20, 21, 22, and 23<\/b> ready for you in the Studio tab when you get back.<\/span><\/div>\n
              Would you like me to provide the in-chat transcription for <\/span>Lesson 24: Nouns Derived from Verbs and Comparisons<\/b> now before we conclude for today?<\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":24,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-68","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":21,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/68","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/68\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":69,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/68\/revisions\/69"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/21"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/68\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=68"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=68"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=68"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=68"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}