{"id":56,"date":"2026-05-11T20:18:09","date_gmt":"2026-05-11T19:18:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/chapter\/lesson-17\/"},"modified":"2026-05-25T09:32:03","modified_gmt":"2026-05-25T08:32:03","slug":"lesson-17","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/chapter\/lesson-17\/","title":{"raw":"Lesson 17: Talking with the Neighbor","rendered":"Lesson 17: Talking with the Neighbor"},"content":{"raw":"Lesson 17 marks the beginning of the second volume of this course. From this point forward, the focus shifts from basic survival needs and classroom settings to more nuanced interactions with people in the neighborhood and the wider community. We explore sophisticated verb forms that allow speakers to express themselves with greater precision regarding time and the relative distance of past events. This lesson introduces the remote past tense and the emphatic present, along with fractions of time and ordinal numbers.\r\n

2. Lesson 17 Conversation: \"Talking with the Neighbor\"<\/h3>\r\n\u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d7b:<\/b> \u0d28\u0d2e\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d02! \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d07\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d32\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d48\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d47\u0d30\u0d02 \u0d0e\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d06\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41? Namaskaram! Where were you yesterday evening?\r\n\r\n\u0d1c\u0d4b\u0d7c\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d1c\u0d4d:<\/b> \u0d28\u0d2e\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d02! \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d07\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d32\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d48\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d47\u0d30\u0d02 \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d40\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. Namaskaram! I had gone to a neighbor\u2019s house yesterday evening.\r\n\r\n\u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d7b:<\/b> \u0d0f\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d7b? \u0d06\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d40\u0d1f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4b? Which neighbor? Is it the first house?\r\n\r\n\u0d1c\u0d4b\u0d7c\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d1c\u0d4d:<\/b> \u0d05\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32, \u0d30\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d40\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d. \u0d05\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d38\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d7b \u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d. No, it was to the second house that I went. A new resident has come there.\r\n\r\n\u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d7b:<\/b> \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d05\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41? What was he doing there?\r\n\r\n\u0d1c\u0d4b\u0d7c\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d1c\u0d4d:<\/b> \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d31\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d41 \u0d28\u0d47\u0d30\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d1e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d30\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d28\u0d47\u0d30\u0d02 \u0d38\u0d02\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. He was reading the newspaper for a while. We both had been talking for quite a while.\r\n\r\n\u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d7b:<\/b> \u0d07\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d7e \u0d38\u0d2e\u0d2f\u0d02 \u0d0e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f? What time is it now?\r\n\r\n\u0d1c\u0d4b\u0d7c\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d1c\u0d4d:<\/b> \u0d07\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d7e \u0d28\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d30\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f. \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d05\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d47\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d32\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d. It is four-thirty now. I have to go somewhere at five-fifteen.\r\n\r\n\u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d7b:<\/b> \u0d36\u0d30\u0d3f, \u0d28\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d40\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d38\u0d02\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d02. Fine, we shall talk later.\r\n\r\n\u0d1c\u0d4b\u0d7c\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d1c\u0d4d:<\/b> \u0d36\u0d30\u0d3f, \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f \u0d35\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d02. Fine, see you (literally: having gone, I will come).\r\n

3. Vocabulary List<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Malayalam (Unicode)<\/td>\r\nGrammatical Category<\/td>\r\nEnglish Translation<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d7b<\/b><\/td>\r\nNoun (m)<\/td>\r\nNeighbor (Male)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f<\/b><\/td>\r\nNoun (f)<\/td>\r\nNeighbor (Female)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d06\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46<\/b><\/td>\r\nOrdinal Number<\/td>\r\nFirst<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d30\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46<\/b><\/td>\r\nOrdinal Number<\/td>\r\nSecond<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d2e\u0d42\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46<\/b><\/td>\r\nOrdinal Number<\/td>\r\nThird<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46<\/b><\/td>\r\nOrdinal Number<\/td>\r\nFourth<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d38\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d7b<\/b><\/td>\r\nNoun<\/td>\r\nResident\/Inhabitant<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d05\u0d30<\/b><\/td>\r\nNoun\/Fraction<\/td>\r\nHalf<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d<\/b><\/td>\r\nNoun\/Fraction<\/td>\r\nQuarter<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d<\/b><\/td>\r\nNoun\/Fraction<\/td>\r\nThree-quarters<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d35\u0d48\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d47\u0d30\u0d02<\/b><\/td>\r\nNoun<\/td>\r\nEvening<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d38\u0d02\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/b><\/td>\r\nVerb<\/td>\r\nHad been talking (Remote Past)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/b><\/td>\r\nVerb<\/td>\r\nHas come (Present Perfect)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d15\u0d41\u0d31\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4d<\/b><\/td>\r\nAdjective\/Adverb<\/td>\r\nA little \/ A few<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d02<\/b><\/td>\r\nNoun<\/td>\r\nNewspaper<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

4. Reading Practice<\/h3>\r\n
    \r\n \t
  • \u0d06\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46 \u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d7b (The first neighbor)<\/li>\r\n \t
  • \u0d30\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46 \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d38\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d7b (The second resident)<\/li>\r\n \t
  • \u0d28\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d30 \u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f (Four-thirty)<\/li>\r\n \t
  • \u0d05\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d47\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d \u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f (Five-fifteen)<\/li>\r\n \t
  • \u0d06\u0d31\u0d47\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d \u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f (Six-forty-five)<\/li>\r\n \t
  • \u0d05\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41 (Had gone there)<\/li>\r\n \t
  • \u0d07\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41 (Had sat here)<\/li>\r\n \t
  • \u0d38\u0d02\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d (Is indeed speaking)<\/li>\r\n \t
  • \u0d2a\u0d20\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d (Is indeed studying)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

    5. Grammar Note 17.1: Half and Quarter Hours, and Other Precise Times<\/h3>\r\nIn Malayalam, fractions of time are expressed using the terms \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d<\/b> (kaal - quarter), \u0d05\u0d30<\/b> (ara - half), and \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d<\/b> (mukkaal - three-quarters). These are added directly to the cardinal number representing the hour.\r\n\r\nPhonological Condition:<\/b> When adding these markers to numbers ending in a vowel, the vowel -\u0d47 (-ee)<\/b> is often added to the number to act as a bridge and indicate \"past\" the hour.\r\n
      \r\n \t
    • \u0d28\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d4d (4) + \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d<\/b> becomes \u0d28\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d47\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d<\/b> (4:15).<\/li>\r\n \t
    • \u0d05\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4d (5) + \u0d05\u0d30<\/b> becomes \u0d05\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d30<\/b> (5:30).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nFor \"quarter to\" an hour, Malayalam uses the dative form of the upcoming hour followed by \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d \u0d15\u0d41\u0d31\u0d35\u0d4d<\/b> (quarter less) or the phrase \u0d06\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d<\/b> (quarter to become).\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
      Time<\/td>\r\nMalayalam (Unicode)<\/td>\r\nLiteral Translation<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      4:15<\/td>\r\n\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d47\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d<\/b><\/td>\r\nFour-quarter<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      4:30<\/td>\r\n\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d30<\/b><\/td>\r\nFour-half<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      4:45<\/td>\r\n\u0d05\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d47\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d \u0d15\u0d41\u0d31\u0d35\u0d4d<\/b> \/ \u0d05\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3e\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d<\/b><\/td>\r\nFive minus a quarter \/ Quarter to five<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      6:15<\/td>\r\n\u0d06\u0d31\u0d47\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d<\/b><\/td>\r\nSix-quarter<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      6:45<\/td>\r\n\u0d0f\u0d34\u0d3e\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d<\/b><\/td>\r\nQuarter to seven<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

      6. Grammar Note 17.2: Numbers: Ordinals, Adjectives, and Adverbs<\/h3>\r\nOrdinal numbers (first, second, third, etc.) are formed by adding the suffix -\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46 (-aamatthe)<\/b> to the cardinal number stem. These forms function as adjectives and must precede the noun they modify.\r\n\r\nDerivation Rules:<\/b>\r\n
        \r\n \t
      1. The number \"One\" (\u0d12\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/b>) is irregular. Its ordinal form is \u0d06\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46<\/b> (aadhyatthe).<\/li>\r\n \t
      2. For all other numbers, drop the final vowel (if any) and add -\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46<\/b>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
        Cardinal Number<\/td>\r\nOrdinal Form (Adjective)<\/td>\r\nEnglish Translation<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
        \u0d12\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d (onnu)<\/td>\r\n\u0d06\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46<\/b> (aadhyatthe)<\/td>\r\nFirst<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
        \u0d30\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d (randu)<\/td>\r\n\u0d30\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46<\/b> (randaamatthe)<\/td>\r\nSecond<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
        \u0d2e\u0d42\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d (moonnu)<\/td>\r\n\u0d2e\u0d42\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46<\/b> (moonnaamatthe)<\/td>\r\nThird<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
        \u0d28\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d4d (naalu)<\/td>\r\n\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46<\/b> (naalaamatthe)<\/td>\r\nFourth<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
        \u0d05\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4d (anju)<\/td>\r\n\u0d05\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46<\/b> (anjaamatthe)<\/td>\r\nFifth<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

        7. Grammar Note 17.3: The Remote Past Verb Form<\/h3>\r\nThe Remote Past tense describes actions that were completed in the distant past or actions that happened and were followed by another state. It adds a layer of temporal distance that the simple past lacks.\r\n\r\nMorphological Structure:<\/b> This form is constructed by taking the Past Participle<\/b> (the simple past form) of the verb and adding the auxiliary verb \u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/b> (irunnu - sat\/existed).\r\n
          \r\n \t
        • \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f<\/b> (poyi - went) + \u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/b> = \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/b> (poyirunnu - had gone)<\/li>\r\n \t
        • \u0d15\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41<\/b> (kandu - saw) + \u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/b> = \u0d15\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/b> (kandirunnu - had seen)<\/li>\r\n \t
        • \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41<\/b> (cheythu - did) + \u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/b> = \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/b> (cheythirunnu - had done)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThis construction indicates that the action occurred long ago or that its relevance is separated from the present by subsequent events.\r\n

          8. Grammar Note 17.4: Familiar and Formal Commands<\/h3>\r\nBuilding upon the base forms introduced in earlier lessons, Lesson 17 formalizes the distinction between familiar (informal) and formal (polite) imperatives.\r\n
            \r\n \t
          • Familiar:<\/b> Uses the verb stem or the suffix -\u0d09<\/b> (-u).<\/li>\r\n \t
          • Formal:<\/b> Uses the suffix -\u0d07\u0d7b<\/b> (-in) or -\u0d09\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/b> (-uvin).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
            Verb<\/td>\r\nFamiliar Command<\/td>\r\nFormal Command<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
            To Come (\u0d35\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15)<\/td>\r\n\u0d35\u0d30\u0d42<\/b><\/td>\r\n\u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/b><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
            To Go (\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15)<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d4b<\/b> \/ \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d42<\/b><\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/b><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
            To Do (\u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d15)<\/td>\r\n\u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d42<\/b><\/td>\r\n\u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/b><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
            To Sit (\u0d07\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15)<\/td>\r\n\u0d07\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d42<\/b><\/td>\r\n\u0d07\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/b><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
            To Give (\u0d24\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15)<\/td>\r\n\u0d24\u0d30\u0d42<\/b><\/td>\r\n\u0d24\u0d30\u0d41\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/b><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

            9. Grammar Note 17.5: The Emphatic Present Verbform with -unnundu<\/h3>\r\nThe emphatic present is used to affirm the truth of an action or to resolve doubt. It is formed by the suffix -\u0d09\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/b> (-unnundu).\r\n\r\nArchitectural Insight:<\/b> This form is a compound consisting of the standard present tense marker -\u0d09\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/b> (-unnu) and the existential verb \u0d09\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/b> (undu - there is\/exists). By combining the action with the marker of existence, the speaker emphasizes that the action is indeed happening.\r\n
              \r\n \t
            • \u0d38\u0d02\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/b> (talks\/is talking) vs. \u0d38\u0d02\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/b> (is indeed<\/i> talking).<\/li>\r\n \t
            • \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/b> (comes\/is coming) vs. \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/b> (is definitely<\/i> coming).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

              10. Lesson 17 Exercises<\/h3>\r\nExercise 1: Telling Time<\/b> Translate the following times into Malayalam Unicode.\r\n
                \r\n \t
              • Model: 4:30 -> \u0d28\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d30<\/b><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
                  \r\n \t
                1. 2:15<\/li>\r\n \t
                2. 8:30<\/li>\r\n \t
                3. 10:45<\/li>\r\n \t
                4. 12:15<\/li>\r\n \t
                5. 7:45<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nExercise 2: Ordinal Adjectives<\/b> Combine the ordinal number with the noun.\r\n
                    \r\n \t
                  • Model: (3) \u0d35\u0d40\u0d1f\u0d4d -> \u0d2e\u0d42\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d40\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/b><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
                      \r\n \t
                    1. (1) \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f (room)<\/li>\r\n \t
                    2. (2) \u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d7b<\/li>\r\n \t
                    3. (4) \u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d02<\/li>\r\n \t
                    4. (5) \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f<\/li>\r\n \t
                    5. (3) \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d38\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d7b<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nExercise 3: Remote Past Transformation<\/b> Change the simple past verbs into the remote past.\r\n
                        \r\n \t
                      • Model: \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d15\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41 -> \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d15\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/b><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
                          \r\n \t
                        1. \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7b \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f.<\/li>\r\n \t
                        2. \u0d1e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d38\u0d02\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d41.<\/li>\r\n \t
                        3. \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7e \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41.<\/li>\r\n \t
                        4. \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7c \u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.<\/li>\r\n \t
                        5. \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d35\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d41.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nExercise 4: Emphatic Present<\/b> Rewrite the sentences to emphasize the action.\r\n
                            \r\n \t
                          • Model: \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7b \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. -> \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7b \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/b><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
                              \r\n \t
                            1. \u0d30\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d7b \u0d2a\u0d20\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.<\/li>\r\n \t
                            2. \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f \u0d15\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41 (plays).<\/li>\r\n \t
                            3. \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7c \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.<\/li>\r\n \t
                            4. \u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d7b \u0d38\u0d02\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.<\/li>\r\n \t
                            5. \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nExercise 5: Formal Commands<\/b> Convert the familiar commands to formal commands.\r\n
                                \r\n \t
                              • Model: \u0d35\u0d30\u0d42 -> \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/b><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
                                  \r\n \t
                                1. \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d42<\/li>\r\n \t
                                2. \u0d07\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d42<\/li>\r\n \t
                                3. \u0d24\u0d30\u0d42<\/li>\r\n \t
                                4. \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d42<\/li>\r\n \t
                                5. \u0d35\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d42<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nExercise 6: Fill in the Blanks<\/b> Use the correct ordinal or time word.\r\n
                                    \r\n \t
                                  1. \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d ____ (4:30) \u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d23\u0d02.<\/li>\r\n \t
                                  2. \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7b ____ (2nd) \u0d35\u0d40\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.<\/li>\r\n \t
                                  3. ____ (1st) \u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d02 \u0d07\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d09\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/li>\r\n \t
                                  4. \u0d38\u0d2e\u0d2f\u0d02 \u0d07\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d7e ____ (5:15) \u0d06\u0d2f\u0d3f.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nExercise 7: Comprehension Questions<\/b> Answer in Malayalam based on the conversation.\r\n
                                      \r\n \t
                                    1. \u0d1c\u0d4b\u0d7c\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d1c\u0d4d \u0d07\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d32\u0d46 \u0d0e\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41?<\/li>\r\n \t
                                    2. \u0d0f\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d35\u0d40\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d1c\u0d4b\u0d7c\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d1c\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d?<\/li>\r\n \t
                                    3. \u0d05\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d06\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d09\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33\u0d24\u0d4d?<\/li>\r\n \t
                                    4. \u0d1c\u0d4b\u0d7c\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d1c\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d0e\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d7e \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d23\u0d02?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nExercise 8: Negative Transformations<\/b> Change the emphatic present to the negative present.\r\n
                                        \r\n \t
                                      • Model: \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d -> \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32<\/b><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
                                          \r\n \t
                                        1. \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/li>\r\n \t
                                        2. \u0d38\u0d02\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/li>\r\n \t
                                        3. \u0d2a\u0d20\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/li>\r\n \t
                                        4. \u0d35\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nExercise 9: Writing Practice<\/b> Write the following sentence in Malayalam script: \"The third resident had gone to the first house at four-fifteen.\"\r\n\r\nExercise 10: General Translation<\/b> Translate to Malayalam:\r\n
                                            \r\n \t
                                          1. I had seen that neighbor.<\/li>\r\n \t
                                          2. Please sit (formal) in the second chair.<\/li>\r\n \t
                                          3. He is indeed speaking with the resident.<\/li>\r\n \t
                                          4. It is quarter to six now.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>","rendered":"

                                            Lesson 17 marks the beginning of the second volume of this course. From this point forward, the focus shifts from basic survival needs and classroom settings to more nuanced interactions with people in the neighborhood and the wider community. We explore sophisticated verb forms that allow speakers to express themselves with greater precision regarding time and the relative distance of past events. This lesson introduces the remote past tense and the emphatic present, along with fractions of time and ordinal numbers.<\/p>\n

                                            2. Lesson 17 Conversation: “Talking with the Neighbor”<\/h3>\n

                                            \u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d7b:<\/b> \u0d28\u0d2e\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d02! \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d07\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d32\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d48\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d47\u0d30\u0d02 \u0d0e\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d06\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41? Namaskaram! Where were you yesterday evening?<\/p>\n

                                            \u0d1c\u0d4b\u0d7c\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d1c\u0d4d:<\/b> \u0d28\u0d2e\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d02! \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d07\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d32\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d48\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d47\u0d30\u0d02 \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d40\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. Namaskaram! I had gone to a neighbor\u2019s house yesterday evening.<\/p>\n

                                            \u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d7b:<\/b> \u0d0f\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d7b? \u0d06\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d40\u0d1f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4b? Which neighbor? Is it the first house?<\/p>\n

                                            \u0d1c\u0d4b\u0d7c\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d1c\u0d4d:<\/b> \u0d05\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32, \u0d30\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d40\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d. \u0d05\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d38\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d7b \u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d. No, it was to the second house that I went. A new resident has come there.<\/p>\n

                                            \u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d7b:<\/b> \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d05\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41? What was he doing there?<\/p>\n

                                            \u0d1c\u0d4b\u0d7c\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d1c\u0d4d:<\/b> \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d31\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d41 \u0d28\u0d47\u0d30\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d1e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d30\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d28\u0d47\u0d30\u0d02 \u0d38\u0d02\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. He was reading the newspaper for a while. We both had been talking for quite a while.<\/p>\n

                                            \u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d7b:<\/b> \u0d07\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d7e \u0d38\u0d2e\u0d2f\u0d02 \u0d0e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f? What time is it now?<\/p>\n

                                            \u0d1c\u0d4b\u0d7c\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d1c\u0d4d:<\/b> \u0d07\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d7e \u0d28\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d30\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f. \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d05\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d47\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d32\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d. It is four-thirty now. I have to go somewhere at five-fifteen.<\/p>\n

                                            \u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d7b:<\/b> \u0d36\u0d30\u0d3f, \u0d28\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d40\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d38\u0d02\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d02. Fine, we shall talk later.<\/p>\n

                                            \u0d1c\u0d4b\u0d7c\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d1c\u0d4d:<\/b> \u0d36\u0d30\u0d3f, \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f \u0d35\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d02. Fine, see you (literally: having gone, I will come).<\/p>\n

                                            3. Vocabulary List<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                            Malayalam (Unicode)<\/td>\nGrammatical Category<\/td>\nEnglish Translation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                            \u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d7b<\/b><\/td>\nNoun (m)<\/td>\nNeighbor (Male)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                            \u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f<\/b><\/td>\nNoun (f)<\/td>\nNeighbor (Female)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                            \u0d06\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46<\/b><\/td>\nOrdinal Number<\/td>\nFirst<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                            \u0d30\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46<\/b><\/td>\nOrdinal Number<\/td>\nSecond<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                            \u0d2e\u0d42\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46<\/b><\/td>\nOrdinal Number<\/td>\nThird<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                            \u0d28\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46<\/b><\/td>\nOrdinal Number<\/td>\nFourth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                            \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d38\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d7b<\/b><\/td>\nNoun<\/td>\nResident\/Inhabitant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                            \u0d05\u0d30<\/b><\/td>\nNoun\/Fraction<\/td>\nHalf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                            \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d<\/b><\/td>\nNoun\/Fraction<\/td>\nQuarter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                            \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d<\/b><\/td>\nNoun\/Fraction<\/td>\nThree-quarters<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                            \u0d35\u0d48\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d47\u0d30\u0d02<\/b><\/td>\nNoun<\/td>\nEvening<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                            \u0d38\u0d02\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/b><\/td>\nVerb<\/td>\nHad been talking (Remote Past)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                            \u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/b><\/td>\nVerb<\/td>\nHas come (Present Perfect)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                            \u0d15\u0d41\u0d31\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4d<\/b><\/td>\nAdjective\/Adverb<\/td>\nA little \/ A few<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                            \u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d02<\/b><\/td>\nNoun<\/td>\nNewspaper<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                                            4. Reading Practice<\/h3>\n
                                              \n
                                            • \u0d06\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46 \u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d7b (The first neighbor)<\/li>\n
                                            • \u0d30\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46 \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d38\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d7b (The second resident)<\/li>\n
                                            • \u0d28\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d30 \u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f (Four-thirty)<\/li>\n
                                            • \u0d05\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d47\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d \u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f (Five-fifteen)<\/li>\n
                                            • \u0d06\u0d31\u0d47\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d \u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f (Six-forty-five)<\/li>\n
                                            • \u0d05\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41 (Had gone there)<\/li>\n
                                            • \u0d07\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41 (Had sat here)<\/li>\n
                                            • \u0d38\u0d02\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d (Is indeed speaking)<\/li>\n
                                            • \u0d2a\u0d20\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d (Is indeed studying)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                              5. Grammar Note 17.1: Half and Quarter Hours, and Other Precise Times<\/h3>\n

                                              In Malayalam, fractions of time are expressed using the terms \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d<\/b> (kaal – quarter), \u0d05\u0d30<\/b> (ara – half), and \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d<\/b> (mukkaal – three-quarters). These are added directly to the cardinal number representing the hour.<\/p>\n

                                              Phonological Condition:<\/b> When adding these markers to numbers ending in a vowel, the vowel -\u0d47 (-ee)<\/b> is often added to the number to act as a bridge and indicate “past” the hour.<\/p>\n

                                                \n
                                              • \u0d28\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d4d (4) + \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d<\/b> becomes \u0d28\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d47\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d<\/b> (4:15).<\/li>\n
                                              • \u0d05\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4d (5) + \u0d05\u0d30<\/b> becomes \u0d05\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d30<\/b> (5:30).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                For “quarter to” an hour, Malayalam uses the dative form of the upcoming hour followed by \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d \u0d15\u0d41\u0d31\u0d35\u0d4d<\/b> (quarter less) or the phrase \u0d06\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d<\/b> (quarter to become).<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                                Time<\/td>\nMalayalam (Unicode)<\/td>\nLiteral Translation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                4:15<\/td>\n\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d47\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d<\/b><\/td>\nFour-quarter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                4:30<\/td>\n\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d30<\/b><\/td>\nFour-half<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                4:45<\/td>\n\u0d05\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d47\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d \u0d15\u0d41\u0d31\u0d35\u0d4d<\/b> \/ \u0d05\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3e\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d<\/b><\/td>\nFive minus a quarter \/ Quarter to five<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                6:15<\/td>\n\u0d06\u0d31\u0d47\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d<\/b><\/td>\nSix-quarter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                6:45<\/td>\n\u0d0f\u0d34\u0d3e\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7d<\/b><\/td>\nQuarter to seven<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                                                6. Grammar Note 17.2: Numbers: Ordinals, Adjectives, and Adverbs<\/h3>\n

                                                Ordinal numbers (first, second, third, etc.) are formed by adding the suffix -\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46 (-aamatthe)<\/b> to the cardinal number stem. These forms function as adjectives and must precede the noun they modify.<\/p>\n

                                                Derivation Rules:<\/b><\/p>\n

                                                  \n
                                                1. The number “One” (\u0d12\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/b>) is irregular. Its ordinal form is \u0d06\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46<\/b> (aadhyatthe).<\/li>\n
                                                2. For all other numbers, drop the final vowel (if any) and add -\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46<\/b>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                                  Cardinal Number<\/td>\nOrdinal Form (Adjective)<\/td>\nEnglish Translation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                  \u0d12\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d (onnu)<\/td>\n\u0d06\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46<\/b> (aadhyatthe)<\/td>\nFirst<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                  \u0d30\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d (randu)<\/td>\n\u0d30\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46<\/b> (randaamatthe)<\/td>\nSecond<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                  \u0d2e\u0d42\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d (moonnu)<\/td>\n\u0d2e\u0d42\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46<\/b> (moonnaamatthe)<\/td>\nThird<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                  \u0d28\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d4d (naalu)<\/td>\n\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46<\/b> (naalaamatthe)<\/td>\nFourth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                  \u0d05\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4d (anju)<\/td>\n\u0d05\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46<\/b> (anjaamatthe)<\/td>\nFifth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                                                  7. Grammar Note 17.3: The Remote Past Verb Form<\/h3>\n

                                                  The Remote Past tense describes actions that were completed in the distant past or actions that happened and were followed by another state. It adds a layer of temporal distance that the simple past lacks.<\/p>\n

                                                  Morphological Structure:<\/b> This form is constructed by taking the Past Participle<\/b> (the simple past form) of the verb and adding the auxiliary verb \u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/b> (irunnu – sat\/existed).<\/p>\n

                                                    \n
                                                  • \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f<\/b> (poyi – went) + \u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/b> = \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/b> (poyirunnu – had gone)<\/li>\n
                                                  • \u0d15\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41<\/b> (kandu – saw) + \u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/b> = \u0d15\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/b> (kandirunnu – had seen)<\/li>\n
                                                  • \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41<\/b> (cheythu – did) + \u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/b> = \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/b> (cheythirunnu – had done)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                    This construction indicates that the action occurred long ago or that its relevance is separated from the present by subsequent events.<\/p>\n

                                                    8. Grammar Note 17.4: Familiar and Formal Commands<\/h3>\n

                                                    Building upon the base forms introduced in earlier lessons, Lesson 17 formalizes the distinction between familiar (informal) and formal (polite) imperatives.<\/p>\n

                                                      \n
                                                    • Familiar:<\/b> Uses the verb stem or the suffix -\u0d09<\/b> (-u).<\/li>\n
                                                    • Formal:<\/b> Uses the suffix -\u0d07\u0d7b<\/b> (-in) or -\u0d09\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/b> (-uvin).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                                      Verb<\/td>\nFamiliar Command<\/td>\nFormal Command<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                      To Come (\u0d35\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15)<\/td>\n\u0d35\u0d30\u0d42<\/b><\/td>\n\u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                      To Go (\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15)<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d4b<\/b> \/ \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d42<\/b><\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                      To Do (\u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d15)<\/td>\n\u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d42<\/b><\/td>\n\u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                      To Sit (\u0d07\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15)<\/td>\n\u0d07\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d42<\/b><\/td>\n\u0d07\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                      To Give (\u0d24\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15)<\/td>\n\u0d24\u0d30\u0d42<\/b><\/td>\n\u0d24\u0d30\u0d41\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                                                      9. Grammar Note 17.5: The Emphatic Present Verbform with -unnundu<\/h3>\n

                                                      The emphatic present is used to affirm the truth of an action or to resolve doubt. It is formed by the suffix -\u0d09\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/b> (-unnundu).<\/p>\n

                                                      Architectural Insight:<\/b> This form is a compound consisting of the standard present tense marker -\u0d09\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/b> (-unnu) and the existential verb \u0d09\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/b> (undu – there is\/exists). By combining the action with the marker of existence, the speaker emphasizes that the action is indeed happening.<\/p>\n

                                                        \n
                                                      • \u0d38\u0d02\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/b> (talks\/is talking) vs. \u0d38\u0d02\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/b> (is indeed<\/i> talking).<\/li>\n
                                                      • \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/b> (comes\/is coming) vs. \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/b> (is definitely<\/i> coming).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                        10. Lesson 17 Exercises<\/h3>\n

                                                        Exercise 1: Telling Time<\/b> Translate the following times into Malayalam Unicode.<\/p>\n

                                                          \n
                                                        • Model: 4:30 -> \u0d28\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d30<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                            \n
                                                          1. 2:15<\/li>\n
                                                          2. 8:30<\/li>\n
                                                          3. 10:45<\/li>\n
                                                          4. 12:15<\/li>\n
                                                          5. 7:45<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                            Exercise 2: Ordinal Adjectives<\/b> Combine the ordinal number with the noun.<\/p>\n

                                                              \n
                                                            • Model: (3) \u0d35\u0d40\u0d1f\u0d4d -> \u0d2e\u0d42\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d40\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                                \n
                                                              1. (1) \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f (room)<\/li>\n
                                                              2. (2) \u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d7b<\/li>\n
                                                              3. (4) \u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d02<\/li>\n
                                                              4. (5) \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f<\/li>\n
                                                              5. (3) \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d38\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d7b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                Exercise 3: Remote Past Transformation<\/b> Change the simple past verbs into the remote past.<\/p>\n

                                                                  \n
                                                                • Model: \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d15\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41 -> \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d15\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                                    \n
                                                                  1. \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7b \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f.<\/li>\n
                                                                  2. \u0d1e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d38\u0d02\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d41.<\/li>\n
                                                                  3. \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7e \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41.<\/li>\n
                                                                  4. \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7c \u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.<\/li>\n
                                                                  5. \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d35\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d41.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                    Exercise 4: Emphatic Present<\/b> Rewrite the sentences to emphasize the action.<\/p>\n

                                                                      \n
                                                                    • Model: \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7b \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. -> \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7b \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                                        \n
                                                                      1. \u0d30\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d7b \u0d2a\u0d20\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.<\/li>\n
                                                                      2. \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f \u0d15\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41 (plays).<\/li>\n
                                                                      3. \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7c \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.<\/li>\n
                                                                      4. \u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d7b \u0d38\u0d02\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.<\/li>\n
                                                                      5. \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                        Exercise 5: Formal Commands<\/b> Convert the familiar commands to formal commands.<\/p>\n

                                                                          \n
                                                                        • Model: \u0d35\u0d30\u0d42 -> \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d7b<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                                            \n
                                                                          1. \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d42<\/li>\n
                                                                          2. \u0d07\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d42<\/li>\n
                                                                          3. \u0d24\u0d30\u0d42<\/li>\n
                                                                          4. \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d42<\/li>\n
                                                                          5. \u0d35\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d42<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                            Exercise 6: Fill in the Blanks<\/b> Use the correct ordinal or time word.<\/p>\n

                                                                              \n
                                                                            1. \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d ____ (4:30) \u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d23\u0d02.<\/li>\n
                                                                            2. \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7b ____ (2nd) \u0d35\u0d40\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.<\/li>\n
                                                                            3. ____ (1st) \u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d02 \u0d07\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d09\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/li>\n
                                                                            4. \u0d38\u0d2e\u0d2f\u0d02 \u0d07\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d7e ____ (5:15) \u0d06\u0d2f\u0d3f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                              Exercise 7: Comprehension Questions<\/b> Answer in Malayalam based on the conversation.<\/p>\n

                                                                                \n
                                                                              1. \u0d1c\u0d4b\u0d7c\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d1c\u0d4d \u0d07\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d32\u0d46 \u0d0e\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41?<\/li>\n
                                                                              2. \u0d0f\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d35\u0d40\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d1c\u0d4b\u0d7c\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d1c\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d?<\/li>\n
                                                                              3. \u0d05\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d06\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d09\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33\u0d24\u0d4d?<\/li>\n
                                                                              4. \u0d1c\u0d4b\u0d7c\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d1c\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d0e\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d7e \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d23\u0d02?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                Exercise 8: Negative Transformations<\/b> Change the emphatic present to the negative present.<\/p>\n

                                                                                  \n
                                                                                • Model: \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d -> \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                                                    \n
                                                                                  1. \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/li>\n
                                                                                  2. \u0d38\u0d02\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/li>\n
                                                                                  3. \u0d2a\u0d20\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/li>\n
                                                                                  4. \u0d35\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                    Exercise 9: Writing Practice<\/b> Write the following sentence in Malayalam script: “The third resident had gone to the first house at four-fifteen.”<\/p>\n

                                                                                    Exercise 10: General Translation<\/b> Translate to Malayalam:<\/p>\n

                                                                                      \n
                                                                                    1. I had seen that neighbor.<\/li>\n
                                                                                    2. Please sit (formal) in the second chair.<\/li>\n
                                                                                    3. He is indeed speaking with the resident.<\/li>\n
                                                                                    4. It is quarter to six now.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":18,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-56","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":21,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/56","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/56\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":150,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/56\/revisions\/150"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/21"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/56\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=56"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=56"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=56"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}