{"id":48,"date":"2026-05-11T19:48:01","date_gmt":"2026-05-11T18:48:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/chapter\/lesson-13\/"},"modified":"2026-05-18T10:16:15","modified_gmt":"2026-05-18T09:16:15","slug":"lesson-13","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/chapter\/lesson-13\/","title":{"raw":"Lesson Thirteen","rendered":"Lesson Thirteen"},"content":{"raw":"

Lesson 13: Form-Filling at Mr. Menon's Office<\/h1>\nThis lesson introduces the formal and administrative register of Malayalam, focusing on the vocabulary and structures necessary for completing official documentation and interacting within a professional office environment. The situational context involves a visitor meeting with Mr. Menon to submit and finalize an application form, introducing specific grammatical concepts such as the stative perfect and the use of the conjunctive participle for sequencing actions.\n

Lesson 13 Conversation<\/h2>\nMr. Menon:<\/b> \u0d08 \u0d05\u0d2a\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37\u0d3e\u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4b? (Did you fill out this application form?)\n\nVisitor:<\/b> \u0d09\u0d35\u0d4d\u0d35\u0d4d \u0d38\u0d7c, \u0d0e\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d. (Yes sir, I have filled out everything.)\n\nMr. Menon:<\/b> \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d33\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d30\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d07\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d0e\u0d34\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4b? (Have you written your own details here?)\n\nVisitor:<\/b> \u0d0e\u0d34\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d. \u0d2a\u0d47\u0d30\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d09\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d47\u0d30\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d46 \u0d1a\u0d47\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d. (I have. The name and designation are added below.)\n\nMr. Menon:<\/b> \u0d07\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d12\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d12\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d23\u0d02. \u0d05\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41 \u0d05\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d07\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d42. (You must sign here. After that, please sit there.)\n\nVisitor:<\/b> \u0d36\u0d30\u0d3f \u0d38\u0d7c, \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d12\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41 \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41. \u0d08 \u0d2a\u0d47\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d7c \u0d06 \u0d09\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d28\u0d46 \u0d0f\u0d7d\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d23\u0d4b? (Okay sir, I have finished signing. Should I hand over this paper to that officer?)\n\nMr. Menon:<\/b> \u0d05\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d24\u0d3f. \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d2c\u0d3e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d28\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4b\u0d33\u0d41\u0d02. (That is enough. He will look after the rest of the matters.)\n

Vocabulary List<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Malayalam (Unicode)<\/td>\nGrammar\/Category<\/td>\nEnglish Translation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0d05\u0d2a\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37<\/b><\/td>\nNoun<\/td>\nApplication<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d02<\/b><\/td>\nNoun<\/td>\nForm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15<\/b><\/td>\nVerb<\/td>\nTo fill out<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d30\u0d02<\/b><\/td>\nNoun<\/td>\nInformation \/ Detail<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d02<\/b><\/td>\nAdjective<\/td>\nOne's own<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0d09\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d7b<\/b><\/td>\nNoun<\/td>\nOfficer \/ Official<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0d09\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d47\u0d30\u0d4d<\/b><\/td>\nNoun<\/td>\nDesignation \/ Job title<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0d12\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4d<\/b><\/td>\nNoun<\/td>\nSignature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0d12\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15<\/b><\/td>\nVerb<\/td>\nTo sign<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d46<\/b><\/td>\nAdverb \/ Postposition<\/td>\nBelow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0d1a\u0d47\u0d7c\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15<\/b><\/td>\nVerb<\/td>\nTo add \/ To include<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41<\/b><\/td>\nPostposition<\/td>\nAfter \/ Finished<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d24\u0d7d<\/b><\/td>\nPostposition<\/td>\nFrom \/ Since<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d02<\/b><\/td>\nNoun<\/td>\nMatter \/ Affair<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0d0f\u0d7d\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15<\/b><\/td>\nVerb<\/td>\nTo hand over \/ To entrust<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0d2c\u0d3e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f<\/b><\/td>\nNoun \/ Adjective<\/td>\nRemaining \/ Rest<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0d28\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15<\/b><\/td>\nVerb<\/td>\nTo look \/ To look after<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Reading Practice<\/h2>\nFocus on the following graphic patterns and phonetic clusters involving the stative perfect markers, conjunctive joins, and past verbal adjectives:\n
    \n \t
  • -\u0d07\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/b> (The stative perfect suffix joined to past stems: \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/b>, \u0d0e\u0d34\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/b>).<\/li>\n \t
  • -\u0d07\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d41<\/b> (The past tense marker for causal or administrative verbs: \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d41<\/b>, \u0d0f\u0d7d\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d41<\/b>).<\/li>\n \t
  • -\u0d07\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a<\/b> (The past verbal adjective marker: \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a<\/b>, \u0d0e\u0d34\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f<\/b>).<\/li>\n \t
  • \u0d05\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d41-<\/b> (The intensifying prefix used with verbs to show completeness: \u0d05\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f<\/b>, \u0d05\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d41\u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41<\/b>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Grammar Notes<\/h2>\n

    13.1 The Stative Perfect Form of the Verb<\/h3>\nThe stative perfect describes a present state that resulted from a completed past action. It is formed by taking the past tense form of the verb and adding the suffix -\u0d07\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/b>.\n
      \n \t
    • Formation:<\/b> [Past Stem] + -\u0d07\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/b>.<\/li>\n \t
    • If a verb ends in a consonant in the past tense, the -\u0d07-<\/b> acts as a link.\n
        \n \t
      • Example: \u0d0e\u0d34\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f<\/b> (wrote) becomes \u0d0e\u0d34\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/b> (has written \/ is in a written state).<\/li>\n \t
      • Example: \u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/b> (came) becomes \u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/b> (has come \/ is currently here).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n \t
      • Unlike the simple past, which simply notes an event occurred, the stative perfect emphasizes that the result of the action is still relevant now.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        13.2 The Conjunctive Verbform (Participle)<\/h3>\nThe conjunctive participle is used to link a series of actions performed by the same subject. Morphologically, this form is usually identical to the past tense of the verb. It functions as a non-finite verb that \"suspends\" the sentence until the final finite verb appears.\n
          \n \t
        • Example: \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f<\/b> (having gone).<\/li>\n \t
        • Example: \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d41<\/b> (having filled out).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          13.3 The Conjunctive Verbform in Complex Sentences<\/h3>\nIn complex sentences, only the final verb carries the markers for tense, mood, or person. All preceding verbs in the sequence are placed in the conjunctive form.\n
            \n \t
          • Structure:<\/b> [Subject] + [Conjunctive Verb 1] + [Conjunctive Verb 2] + [Final Finite Verb].<\/li>\n \t
          • Example: \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d13\u0d2b\u0d40\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f \u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d3e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d3f \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d41.<\/b> (I went to the office, took the form, and filled it out.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            13.4 The Intensifying Prefix \u0d05\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d41- (angu-)<\/h3>\nThe intensifying prefix \u0d05\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d41-<\/b> is added to verbs or adjectives to denote that an action was performed thoroughly, suddenly, or with a sense of \"just like that.\"\n
              \n \t
            • When added to verbs like \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f<\/b> (went), it becomes \u0d05\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f<\/b> (gone away completely).<\/li>\n \t
            • In administrative contexts, it can imply the finality of a decision or action.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              13.5 The Past Verbal Adjective<\/h3>\nThe past verbal adjective allows a verb to function as an adjective modifying a noun, describing an action that happened in the past. It is formed by adding -\u0d05<\/b> to the past stem.\n
                \n \t
              • Example: \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d41<\/b> (filled out) becomes \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a<\/b> (filled out - adjective).<\/li>\n \t
              • \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a \u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d02<\/b> (The filled-out form).<\/li>\n \t
              • \u0d0e\u0d34\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f \u0d15\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d<\/b> (The written letter).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                13.6 Postpositions Requiring Nominative Case<\/h3>\nWhile many postpositions require the dative or possessive case, the following specific postpositions require the preceding noun to remain in the nominative (base) form:\n
                  \n \t
                • \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41<\/b> (After\/Finished): \u0d05\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41<\/b> (After that), \u0d1c\u0d4b\u0d32\u0d3f \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41<\/b> (After the work).<\/li>\n \t
                • \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d24\u0d7d<\/b> (From\/Since\/Starting): \u0d07\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d24\u0d7d<\/b> (From today), \u0d05\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24 \u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d38\u0d02 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d24\u0d7d<\/b> (From next month).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  13.7 Accusative as Indirect Object<\/h3>\nCertain verbs in Malayalam, particularly those involving \"entrusting\" or \"handing over\" in an administrative sense (like \u0d0f\u0d7d\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15<\/b>), require the person or official receiving the object to be in the accusative case (-\u0d0e<\/b>) rather than the expected dative.\n
                    \n \t
                  • Example: \u0d06 \u0d09\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d28\u0d46 \u0d0f\u0d7d\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15.<\/b> (Hand it over to that officer.)<\/li>\n \t
                  • Here, \u0d09\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d7b<\/b> (officer) takes the accusative marker -\u0d0e<\/b>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Lesson 13 Exercises<\/h2>\n

                    Exercise 1: Repetition<\/h3>\nRepeat the following sentences to practice the phonology of the stative perfect and administrative vocabulary.<\/i>\n
                      \n \t
                    1. \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d08 \u0d05\u0d2a\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37\u0d3e\u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/b><\/li>\n \t
                    2. \u0d09\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d7b \u0d07\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/b><\/li>\n \t
                    3. \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d30\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d0e\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d02 \u0d0e\u0d34\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/b><\/li>\n \t
                    4. \u0d2a\u0d47\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d7c \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d46\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/b><\/li>\n \t
                    5. \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d05\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d12\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      Exercise 2: Response Exercise<\/h3>\nAnswer the following questions based on the dialogue and grammar notes.<\/i>\n
                        \n \t
                      1. \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d7c \u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4b?<\/b> (\u0d09\u0d35\u0d4d\u0d35\u0d4d, \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d7c \u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.)<\/li>\n \t
                      2. \u0d0e\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d12\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d47\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d24\u0d4d?<\/b> (\u0d05\u0d2a\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37\u0d3e\u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d2e\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d46 \u0d12\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d23\u0d02.)<\/li>\n \t
                      3. \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d30\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d0e\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d02 \u0d0e\u0d34\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d4b?<\/b> (\u0d09\u0d35\u0d4d\u0d35\u0d4d, \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d30\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d0e\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d02 \u0d0e\u0d34\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.)<\/li>\n \t
                      4. \u0d06\u0d30\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d47\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d7c \u0d0f\u0d7d\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d47\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d24\u0d4d?<\/b> (\u0d06 \u0d09\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d28\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d47\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d7c \u0d0f\u0d7d\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d23\u0d02.)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                        Exercise 3: Transformation (Stative Perfect)<\/h3>\nChange the following past tense sentences into the stative perfect form.<\/i>\n
                          \n \t
                        1. \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.<\/b> \u2192 \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/b><\/li>\n \t
                        2. \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d12\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41.<\/b> \u2192 \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d12\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/b><\/li>\n \t
                        3. \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7c \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f.<\/b> \u2192 \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7c \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/b><\/li>\n \t
                        4. \u0d30\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d7b \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d30\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d0e\u0d34\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f.<\/b> \u2192 \u0d30\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d7b \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d30\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d0e\u0d34\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/b><\/li>\n \t
                        5. \u0d09\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d7b \u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d3e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d3f.<\/b> \u2192 \u0d09\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d7b \u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d3e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          Exercise 4: Translation (English to Malayalam)<\/h3>\nTranslate the following sentences using the vocabulary and grammar from Lesson 13.<\/i>\n
                            \n \t
                          1. I have filled out my own information in the form. (\u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d30\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d2e\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/b>)<\/li>\n \t
                          2. After signing, please give it to the officer. (\u0d12\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41 \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41 \u0d05\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d09\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d4a\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d42.<\/b>)<\/li>\n \t
                          3. The designation is written below. (\u0d09\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d47\u0d30\u0d4d \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d46 \u0d0e\u0d34\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/b>)<\/li>\n \t
                          4. He went to the office and handed over the application. (\u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d13\u0d2b\u0d40\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f \u0d05\u0d2a\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37 \u0d0f\u0d7d\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d41.<\/b>)<\/li>\n \t
                          5. From today, he is the new official. (\u0d07\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d24\u0d7d \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f \u0d09\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d.<\/b>)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                            Exercise 5: Sentence Joining<\/h3>\nJoin the two sentences using the conjunctive participle.<\/i>\n
                              \n \t
                            1. \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d13\u0d2b\u0d40\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.<\/b> + \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d3e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d3f.<\/b> (\u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d13\u0d2b\u0d40\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d3e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d3f.<\/b>)<\/li>\n \t
                            2. \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d41.<\/b> + \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d12\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41.<\/b> (\u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4d \u0d12\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41.<\/b>)<\/li>\n \t
                            3. \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d30\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d28\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f.<\/b> + \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.<\/b> (\u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d30\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d28\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f \u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.<\/b>)<\/li>\n<\/ol>","rendered":"

                              Lesson 13: Form-Filling at Mr. Menon’s Office<\/h1>\n

                              This lesson introduces the formal and administrative register of Malayalam, focusing on the vocabulary and structures necessary for completing official documentation and interacting within a professional office environment. The situational context involves a visitor meeting with Mr. Menon to submit and finalize an application form, introducing specific grammatical concepts such as the stative perfect and the use of the conjunctive participle for sequencing actions.<\/p>\n

                              Lesson 13 Conversation<\/h2>\n

                              Mr. Menon:<\/b> \u0d08 \u0d05\u0d2a\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37\u0d3e\u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4b? (Did you fill out this application form?)<\/p>\n

                              Visitor:<\/b> \u0d09\u0d35\u0d4d\u0d35\u0d4d \u0d38\u0d7c, \u0d0e\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d. (Yes sir, I have filled out everything.)<\/p>\n

                              Mr. Menon:<\/b> \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d33\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d30\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d07\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d0e\u0d34\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4b? (Have you written your own details here?)<\/p>\n

                              Visitor:<\/b> \u0d0e\u0d34\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d. \u0d2a\u0d47\u0d30\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d09\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d47\u0d30\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d46 \u0d1a\u0d47\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d. (I have. The name and designation are added below.)<\/p>\n

                              Mr. Menon:<\/b> \u0d07\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d12\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d12\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d23\u0d02. \u0d05\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41 \u0d05\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d07\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d42. (You must sign here. After that, please sit there.)<\/p>\n

                              Visitor:<\/b> \u0d36\u0d30\u0d3f \u0d38\u0d7c, \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d12\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41 \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41. \u0d08 \u0d2a\u0d47\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d7c \u0d06 \u0d09\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d28\u0d46 \u0d0f\u0d7d\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d23\u0d4b? (Okay sir, I have finished signing. Should I hand over this paper to that officer?)<\/p>\n

                              Mr. Menon:<\/b> \u0d05\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d24\u0d3f. \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d2c\u0d3e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d28\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4b\u0d33\u0d41\u0d02. (That is enough. He will look after the rest of the matters.)<\/p>\n

                              Vocabulary List<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                              Malayalam (Unicode)<\/td>\nGrammar\/Category<\/td>\nEnglish Translation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              \u0d05\u0d2a\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37<\/b><\/td>\nNoun<\/td>\nApplication<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              \u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d02<\/b><\/td>\nNoun<\/td>\nForm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15<\/b><\/td>\nVerb<\/td>\nTo fill out<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d30\u0d02<\/b><\/td>\nNoun<\/td>\nInformation \/ Detail<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d02<\/b><\/td>\nAdjective<\/td>\nOne’s own<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              \u0d09\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d7b<\/b><\/td>\nNoun<\/td>\nOfficer \/ Official<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              \u0d09\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d47\u0d30\u0d4d<\/b><\/td>\nNoun<\/td>\nDesignation \/ Job title<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              \u0d12\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4d<\/b><\/td>\nNoun<\/td>\nSignature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              \u0d12\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15<\/b><\/td>\nVerb<\/td>\nTo sign<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d46<\/b><\/td>\nAdverb \/ Postposition<\/td>\nBelow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              \u0d1a\u0d47\u0d7c\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15<\/b><\/td>\nVerb<\/td>\nTo add \/ To include<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41<\/b><\/td>\nPostposition<\/td>\nAfter \/ Finished<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d24\u0d7d<\/b><\/td>\nPostposition<\/td>\nFrom \/ Since<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d02<\/b><\/td>\nNoun<\/td>\nMatter \/ Affair<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              \u0d0f\u0d7d\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15<\/b><\/td>\nVerb<\/td>\nTo hand over \/ To entrust<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              \u0d2c\u0d3e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f<\/b><\/td>\nNoun \/ Adjective<\/td>\nRemaining \/ Rest<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                              \u0d28\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15<\/b><\/td>\nVerb<\/td>\nTo look \/ To look after<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                              Reading Practice<\/h2>\n

                              Focus on the following graphic patterns and phonetic clusters involving the stative perfect markers, conjunctive joins, and past verbal adjectives:<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              • -\u0d07\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/b> (The stative perfect suffix joined to past stems: \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/b>, \u0d0e\u0d34\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/b>).<\/li>\n
                              • -\u0d07\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d41<\/b> (The past tense marker for causal or administrative verbs: \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d41<\/b>, \u0d0f\u0d7d\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d41<\/b>).<\/li>\n
                              • -\u0d07\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a<\/b> (The past verbal adjective marker: \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a<\/b>, \u0d0e\u0d34\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f<\/b>).<\/li>\n
                              • \u0d05\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d41-<\/b> (The intensifying prefix used with verbs to show completeness: \u0d05\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f<\/b>, \u0d05\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d41\u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41<\/b>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                Grammar Notes<\/h2>\n

                                13.1 The Stative Perfect Form of the Verb<\/h3>\n

                                The stative perfect describes a present state that resulted from a completed past action. It is formed by taking the past tense form of the verb and adding the suffix -\u0d07\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/b>.<\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                • Formation:<\/b> [Past Stem] + -\u0d07\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/b>.<\/li>\n
                                • If a verb ends in a consonant in the past tense, the -\u0d07-<\/b> acts as a link.\n
                                    \n
                                  • Example: \u0d0e\u0d34\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f<\/b> (wrote) becomes \u0d0e\u0d34\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/b> (has written \/ is in a written state).<\/li>\n
                                  • Example: \u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/b> (came) becomes \u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/b> (has come \/ is currently here).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                  • Unlike the simple past, which simply notes an event occurred, the stative perfect emphasizes that the result of the action is still relevant now.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                    13.2 The Conjunctive Verbform (Participle)<\/h3>\n

                                    The conjunctive participle is used to link a series of actions performed by the same subject. Morphologically, this form is usually identical to the past tense of the verb. It functions as a non-finite verb that “suspends” the sentence until the final finite verb appears.<\/p>\n

                                      \n
                                    • Example: \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f<\/b> (having gone).<\/li>\n
                                    • Example: \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d41<\/b> (having filled out).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                      13.3 The Conjunctive Verbform in Complex Sentences<\/h3>\n

                                      In complex sentences, only the final verb carries the markers for tense, mood, or person. All preceding verbs in the sequence are placed in the conjunctive form.<\/p>\n

                                        \n
                                      • Structure:<\/b> [Subject] + [Conjunctive Verb 1] + [Conjunctive Verb 2] + [Final Finite Verb].<\/li>\n
                                      • Example: \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d13\u0d2b\u0d40\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f \u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d3e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d3f \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d41.<\/b> (I went to the office, took the form, and filled it out.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                        13.4 The Intensifying Prefix \u0d05\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d41- (angu-)<\/h3>\n

                                        The intensifying prefix \u0d05\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d41-<\/b> is added to verbs or adjectives to denote that an action was performed thoroughly, suddenly, or with a sense of “just like that.”<\/p>\n

                                          \n
                                        • When added to verbs like \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f<\/b> (went), it becomes \u0d05\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f<\/b> (gone away completely).<\/li>\n
                                        • In administrative contexts, it can imply the finality of a decision or action.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                          13.5 The Past Verbal Adjective<\/h3>\n

                                          The past verbal adjective allows a verb to function as an adjective modifying a noun, describing an action that happened in the past. It is formed by adding -\u0d05<\/b> to the past stem.<\/p>\n

                                            \n
                                          • Example: \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d41<\/b> (filled out) becomes \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a<\/b> (filled out – adjective).<\/li>\n
                                          • \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a \u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d02<\/b> (The filled-out form).<\/li>\n
                                          • \u0d0e\u0d34\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f \u0d15\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d<\/b> (The written letter).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                            13.6 Postpositions Requiring Nominative Case<\/h3>\n

                                            While many postpositions require the dative or possessive case, the following specific postpositions require the preceding noun to remain in the nominative (base) form:<\/p>\n

                                              \n
                                            • \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41<\/b> (After\/Finished): \u0d05\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41<\/b> (After that), \u0d1c\u0d4b\u0d32\u0d3f \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41<\/b> (After the work).<\/li>\n
                                            • \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d24\u0d7d<\/b> (From\/Since\/Starting): \u0d07\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d24\u0d7d<\/b> (From today), \u0d05\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24 \u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d38\u0d02 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d24\u0d7d<\/b> (From next month).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                              13.7 Accusative as Indirect Object<\/h3>\n

                                              Certain verbs in Malayalam, particularly those involving “entrusting” or “handing over” in an administrative sense (like \u0d0f\u0d7d\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15<\/b>), require the person or official receiving the object to be in the accusative case (-\u0d0e<\/b>) rather than the expected dative.<\/p>\n

                                                \n
                                              • Example: \u0d06 \u0d09\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d28\u0d46 \u0d0f\u0d7d\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15.<\/b> (Hand it over to that officer.)<\/li>\n
                                              • Here, \u0d09\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d7b<\/b> (officer) takes the accusative marker -\u0d0e<\/b>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                Lesson 13 Exercises<\/h2>\n

                                                Exercise 1: Repetition<\/h3>\n

                                                Repeat the following sentences to practice the phonology of the stative perfect and administrative vocabulary.<\/i><\/p>\n

                                                  \n
                                                1. \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d08 \u0d05\u0d2a\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37\u0d3e\u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/b><\/li>\n
                                                2. \u0d09\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d7b \u0d07\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/b><\/li>\n
                                                3. \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d30\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d0e\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d02 \u0d0e\u0d34\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/b><\/li>\n
                                                4. \u0d2a\u0d47\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d7c \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d46\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/b><\/li>\n
                                                5. \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d05\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d12\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                  Exercise 2: Response Exercise<\/h3>\n

                                                  Answer the following questions based on the dialogue and grammar notes.<\/i><\/p>\n

                                                    \n
                                                  1. \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d7c \u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4b?<\/b> (\u0d09\u0d35\u0d4d\u0d35\u0d4d, \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d7c \u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.)<\/li>\n
                                                  2. \u0d0e\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d12\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d47\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d24\u0d4d?<\/b> (\u0d05\u0d2a\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37\u0d3e\u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d2e\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d46 \u0d12\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d23\u0d02.)<\/li>\n
                                                  3. \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d30\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d0e\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d02 \u0d0e\u0d34\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d4b?<\/b> (\u0d09\u0d35\u0d4d\u0d35\u0d4d, \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d30\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d0e\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d02 \u0d0e\u0d34\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.)<\/li>\n
                                                  4. \u0d06\u0d30\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d47\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d7c \u0d0f\u0d7d\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d47\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d24\u0d4d?<\/b> (\u0d06 \u0d09\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d28\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d47\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d7c \u0d0f\u0d7d\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d23\u0d02.)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                    Exercise 3: Transformation (Stative Perfect)<\/h3>\n

                                                    Change the following past tense sentences into the stative perfect form.<\/i><\/p>\n

                                                      \n
                                                    1. \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.<\/b> \u2192 \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/b><\/li>\n
                                                    2. \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d12\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41.<\/b> \u2192 \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d12\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/b><\/li>\n
                                                    3. \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7c \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f.<\/b> \u2192 \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7c \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/b><\/li>\n
                                                    4. \u0d30\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d7b \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d30\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d0e\u0d34\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f.<\/b> \u2192 \u0d30\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d7b \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d30\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d0e\u0d34\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/b><\/li>\n
                                                    5. \u0d09\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d7b \u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d3e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d3f.<\/b> \u2192 \u0d09\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d7b \u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d3e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                      Exercise 4: Translation (English to Malayalam)<\/h3>\n

                                                      Translate the following sentences using the vocabulary and grammar from Lesson 13.<\/i><\/p>\n

                                                        \n
                                                      1. I have filled out my own information in the form. (\u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d30\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d2e\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/b>)<\/li>\n
                                                      2. After signing, please give it to the officer. (\u0d12\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41 \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41 \u0d05\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d09\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d4a\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d42.<\/b>)<\/li>\n
                                                      3. The designation is written below. (\u0d09\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d47\u0d30\u0d4d \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d46 \u0d0e\u0d34\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/b>)<\/li>\n
                                                      4. He went to the office and handed over the application. (\u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d13\u0d2b\u0d40\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f \u0d05\u0d2a\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37 \u0d0f\u0d7d\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d41.<\/b>)<\/li>\n
                                                      5. From today, he is the new official. (\u0d07\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d24\u0d7d \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f \u0d09\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d25\u0d28\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d.<\/b>)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                        Exercise 5: Sentence Joining<\/h3>\n

                                                        Join the two sentences using the conjunctive participle.<\/i><\/p>\n

                                                          \n
                                                        1. \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d13\u0d2b\u0d40\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.<\/b> + \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d3e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d3f.<\/b> (\u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d13\u0d2b\u0d40\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d3e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d3f.<\/b>)<\/li>\n
                                                        2. \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d41.<\/b> + \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d12\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41.<\/b> (\u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d42\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4d \u0d12\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41.<\/b>)<\/li>\n
                                                        3. \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d30\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d28\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f.<\/b> + \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.<\/b> (\u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d30\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d28\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f \u0d07\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.<\/b>)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":14,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-48","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":21,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/48","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/48\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":49,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/48\/revisions\/49"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/21"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/48\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=48"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=48"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=48"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}