{"id":46,"date":"2026-05-11T19:44:22","date_gmt":"2026-05-11T18:44:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/chapter\/lesson-12\/"},"modified":"2026-05-25T09:28:02","modified_gmt":"2026-05-25T08:28:02","slug":"lesson-12","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/chapter\/lesson-12\/","title":{"raw":"Lesson Twelve","rendered":"Lesson Twelve"},"content":{"raw":"

Lesson 12: Husband and Wife (\u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d2d\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d41\u0d02)<\/h1>\r\nPrint Page:<\/b> 227 | PDF Page:<\/b> 171\r\n\r\nThis lesson provides a comprehensive exploration of domestic and interpersonal relations, focusing on the linguistic norms shared between spouses. Grammatical objectives include the doubling of consonants in case forms of nouns ending in -\u0d02, the formal use of the quotative marker \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/b> for indirect speech, the permissive verb form (-\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46<\/b>), and the sociolinguistic conventions governing address and reference for husbands and wives.\r\n

Vocabulary & Reference List<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Malayalam (Unicode)<\/td>\r\nTransliteration<\/td>\r\nEnglish Meaning<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f<\/td>\r\nbh\u0101ryya<\/td>\r\nwife<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d2d\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d4d<\/td>\r\nbharth\u0101v\u016d<\/td>\r\nhusband<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d35\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d02<\/td>\r\nvarttam\u0101na\u1e41<\/td>\r\nnews\/talk<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d36\u0d47\u0d37\u0d02<\/td>\r\nvi\u015b\u0113\u1e63a\u1e41<\/td>\r\nnews\/special thing<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d38\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d1f\u0d02<\/td>\r\nsa\u1e45ka\u1e6da\u1e41<\/td>\r\nsadness\/grief<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d38\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4b\u0d37\u0d02<\/td>\r\nsant\u014d\u1e63a\u1e41<\/td>\r\nhappiness<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d7b<\/td>\r\nayalkk\u0101ran<\/td>\r\nneighbor (male)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f<\/td>\r\nayalkk\u0101ri<\/td>\r\nneighbor (female)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d2a\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d02<\/td>\r\np\u0101va\u1e41<\/td>\r\npoor thing\/innocent<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d15\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d02<\/td>\r\nka\u1e63\u1e6da\u1e41<\/td>\r\na pity\/difficulty<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d12\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d46<\/td>\r\nokke<\/td>\r\nall\/everything<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d24\u0d40\u0d7c\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02<\/td>\r\nt\u012brccay\u0101yu\u1e41<\/td>\r\ncertainly<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15<\/td>\r\nt\u0101masikkuka<\/td>\r\nto stay\/to live<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d2a\u0d31\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d15<\/td>\r\nparayuka<\/td>\r\nto say\/tell<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/td>\r\nenn\u016d<\/td>\r\nquotative marker (that\/called)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d05\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d15<\/td>\r\nariyuka<\/td>\r\nto know<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d35\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15<\/td>\r\nvarika<\/td>\r\nto come<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15<\/td>\r\np\u014dkuka<\/td>\r\nto go<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41\u0d15<\/td>\r\nvaruttuka<\/td>\r\nto cause to come\/fetch<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d41\u0d15<\/td>\r\nk\u0101\u1e47uka<\/td>\r\nto see<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
-\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46<\/td>\r\n-\u1e6d\u1e6de<\/td>\r\npermissive suffix (let\/may)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02<\/td>\r\nadh\u0113ha\u1e41<\/td>\r\nhe (respected\/spouse reference)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d05\u0d35\u0d7c<\/td>\r\navar<\/td>\r\nthey\/she (respected spouse reference)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
-\u0d05\u0d24\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n-at\u016d<\/td>\r\nverbal noun suffix<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d7b\u0d2a\u0d4d<\/td>\r\nmunp\u016d<\/td>\r\nbefore<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d36\u0d47\u0d37\u0d02<\/td>\r\n\u015b\u0113\u1e63a\u1e41<\/td>\r\nafter<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d2a\u0d41\u0d31\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d<\/td>\r\npuratt\u016d<\/td>\r\noutside<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d05\u0d15\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d<\/td>\r\nakatt\u016d<\/td>\r\ninside<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f<\/td>\r\nku\u1e6d\u1e6di<\/td>\r\nchild<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d2e\u0d15\u0d7b<\/td>\r\nmakan<\/td>\r\nson<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d2e\u0d15\u0d7e<\/td>\r\nmaka\u1e37<\/td>\r\ndaughter<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d1c\u0d4b\u0d32\u0d3f<\/td>\r\nj\u014dli<\/td>\r\nwork\/job<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n

Reading Practice Modules<\/h2>\r\n

Pattern 12.A: Consonant Doubling (-\u0d02 to -\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24-)<\/h3>\r\nPractice the visual transition from the citation form (anusvara) to the inflected locative and possessive forms.\r\n
    \r\n \t
  • \u0d2e\u0d20\u0d02<\/b> (Matham) \u2192 \u0d2e\u0d20\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d7d<\/b> (In the matham) \u2192 \u0d2e\u0d20\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46<\/b> (Of the matham)<\/li>\r\n \t
  • \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d15\u0d02<\/b> (Book) \u2192 \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d15\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d7d<\/b> (In the book) \u2192 \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d15\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46<\/b> (Of the book)<\/li>\r\n \t
  • \u0d30\u0d42\u0d2a\u0d02<\/b> (Form\/Rupee) \u2192 \u0d30\u0d42\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d7d<\/b> (In the form) \u2192 \u0d30\u0d42\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46<\/b> (Of the form)<\/li>\r\n \t
  • \u0d38\u0d2e\u0d2f\u0d02<\/b> (Time) \u2192 \u0d38\u0d2e\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d<\/b> (At the time) \u2192 \u0d38\u0d2e\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46<\/b> (Of the time)<\/li>\r\n \t
  • \u0d30\u0d3e\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d02<\/b> (Country) \u2192 \u0d30\u0d3e\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d7d<\/b> (In the country) \u2192 \u0d30\u0d3e\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46<\/b> (Of the country)<\/li>\r\n \t
  • \u0d38\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d1f\u0d02<\/b> (Sadness) \u2192 \u0d38\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d1f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d7d<\/b> (In sadness)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

    Pattern 12.B: The Permissive Marker (-\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46)<\/h3>\r\nIdentify the permissive suffix attached to various verb stems.\r\n
      \r\n \t
    • \u0d35\u0d30\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46<\/b> (Let come)<\/li>\r\n \t
    • \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46<\/b> (Let go)<\/li>\r\n \t
    • \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46<\/b> (Let do)<\/li>\r\n \t
    • \u0d07\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46<\/b> (Let stay\/be)<\/li>\r\n \t
    • \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d2f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46<\/b> (Let say)<\/li>\r\n \t
    • \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46<\/b> (Let show)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n

      The Lesson 12 Conversation: 'Husband and Wife'<\/h2>\r\n\u0d2d\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d4d<\/b>: \u0d28\u0d40 \u0d0e\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41? (Translation)<\/i>: Where are you going?\r\n\r\n\u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f<\/b>: \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d46 \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d38\u0d41\u0d16\u0d2e\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d46\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d47\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41. (Translation)<\/i>: I am going to see the neighbors. I heard that the neighbor (female) is not well.\r\n\r\n\u0d2d\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d4d<\/b>: \u0d05\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d4b, \u0d15\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d02! \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7c\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d3f? (Translation)<\/i>: Oh, what a pity! What happened to her?\r\n\r\n\u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f<\/b>: \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7c\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d46\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d24\u0d4b\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f \u0d28\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46. (Translation)<\/i>: It seems she has a fever. Let me go and look.\r\n\r\n\u0d2d\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d4d<\/b>: \u0d36\u0d30\u0d3f, \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d0e\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46? \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7c \u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4b? (Translation)<\/i>: Okay, where are the children? Did they come?\r\n\r\n\u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f<\/b>: \u0d2e\u0d15\u0d7b \u0d35\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d28\u0d36\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d. \u0d2e\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d05\u0d15\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d. (Translation)<\/i>: Our son has gone to the library. Our daughter is inside.\r\n\r\n\u0d2d\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d4d<\/b>: \u0d1c\u0d4b\u0d32\u0d3f \u0d12\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d46 \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d4b? \u0d07\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d46\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d28\u0d40 \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. (Translation)<\/i>: Is all the work finished? You had said that it would be late today.\r\n\r\n\u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f<\/b>: \u0d07\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32, \u0d0e\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d47\u0d17\u0d02 \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41. \u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d46 \u0d15\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f \u0d36\u0d47\u0d37\u0d02 \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d35\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d02. (Translation)<\/i>: No, everything finished quickly. I will come after seeing the neighbor.\r\n\r\n\u0d2d\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d4d<\/b>: \u0d36\u0d30\u0d3f, \u0d35\u0d47\u0d17\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d30\u0d23\u0d2e\u0d46\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d38\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d1f\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f. (Translation)<\/i>: Okay, I am saying that you should come back quickly. Don't go sharing sorrows (long talk).\r\n\r\n\u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f<\/b>: \u0d24\u0d40\u0d7c\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02. \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d09\u0d1f\u0d28\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d02. (Translation)<\/i>: Certainly. I will come immediately.\r\n\r\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n

      Comprehensive Grammar Notes<\/h2>\r\n

      12.1 Consonant Doubling in Caseforms of Words in -\u0d02<\/h3>\r\nNouns ending in the anusvara (-\u0d02) undergo a morphophonemic change when adding case endings. The -\u0d02 is dropped and replaced by the doubled dental stop -\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24-<\/b>.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
      Citation Form<\/td>\r\nCase<\/td>\r\nInflected Form<\/td>\r\nMeaning<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      \u0d2e\u0d20\u0d02<\/b><\/td>\r\nLocative<\/td>\r\n\u0d2e\u0d20\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d7d<\/b><\/td>\r\nIn the matham<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d15\u0d02<\/b><\/td>\r\nPossessive<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d41\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d15\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46<\/b><\/td>\r\nOf the book<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      \u0d30\u0d42\u0d2a\u0d02<\/b><\/td>\r\nDative<\/td>\r\n\u0d30\u0d42\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d<\/b><\/td>\r\nFor the rupee\/form<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      \u0d38\u0d2e\u0d2f\u0d02<\/b><\/td>\r\nLocative<\/td>\r\n\u0d38\u0d2e\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d<\/b><\/td>\r\nAt the time<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

      12.2 Indirect Quotes With the Quotative Marker \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/h3>\r\nThe particle \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/b> (enn\u016d) is used to report speech, thoughts, or perceptions. When a sentence is reported indirectly, it is followed by \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/b>.\r\n
        \r\n \t
      • Direct:<\/b> \"\u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d35\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d02,\" \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41. (\"I will come,\" he said.)<\/li>\r\n \t
      • Indirect:<\/b> \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d46\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41. (He said that he would come.)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nWhen joined to a word ending in a vowel, \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/b> may trigger a glide (v- or y-).\r\n
          \r\n \t
        • \u0d38\u0d41\u0d16\u0d2e\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32<\/b> + \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/b> \u2192 \u0d38\u0d41\u0d16\u0d2e\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d46\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/b><\/li>\r\n \t
        • \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/b> + \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/b> \u2192 \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d35\u0d46\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/b><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

          12.3 Norms of Address and Reference for Husbands and Wives<\/h3>\r\nIn traditional Kerala society, spouses often avoid using each other's names.\r\n
            \r\n \t
          1. Reference:<\/b> A wife may refer to her husband using the respectful third-person pronoun \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02<\/b> (adh\u0113ha\u1e41). A husband may refer to his wife as \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7c<\/b> (avar) or simply as \u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f<\/b>.<\/li>\r\n \t
          2. Address:<\/b> Direct address often uses plural forms or kinship-oriented identifiers (e.g., \"the children's father\") to maintain social distance and respect.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n

            12.4 Verbal Nouns with Postpositions<\/h3>\r\nVerbal nouns are formed by adding suffixes like -\u0d05\u0d24\u0d4d<\/b> to the verb stem. These are frequently used with postpositions such as \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d7b\u0d2a\u0d4d<\/b> (before) or \u0d36\u0d47\u0d37\u0d02<\/b> (after).\r\n
              \r\n \t
            • \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d7b\u0d2a\u0d4d<\/b> (Before coming)<\/li>\r\n \t
            • \u0d15\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f \u0d36\u0d47\u0d37\u0d02<\/b> (After seeing)<\/li>\r\n \t
            • \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d7b\u0d2a\u0d4d<\/b> (Before going)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThe verbal noun usually takes the dative case before \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d7b\u0d2a\u0d4d<\/b>.\r\n

              12.5 The Permissive Form of the Verb<\/h3>\r\nThe permissive form expresses \"letting\" an action happen or asking for permission. It is formed by adding -\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46<\/b> to the verb stem. It does not change according to the subject's gender or number.\r\n
                \r\n \t
              • \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46<\/b> (Let [me\/him\/them] go)<\/li>\r\n \t
              • \u0d35\u0d30\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46<\/b> (Let come)<\/li>\r\n \t
              • \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46<\/b> (Let do)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

                12.6 The Verb \u0d05\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d15 with Nominative Subjects<\/h3>\r\nWhile \"knowing\" is often an impersonal construction (Dative Subject + \u0d05\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d02), Lesson 12 highlights that \u0d05\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d15<\/b> (ariyuka) can be used with a nominative subject when the agent is actively \"finding out\" or when emphasizing the act of knowing as an ability or active awareness.\r\n\r\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n

                Lesson 12 Exercise Suite<\/h2>\r\n

                Exercise 12.1<\/h3>\r\nTransform the following nouns ending in -\u0d02 into the locative case (-\u0d3f\u0d7d).<\/i>\r\n
                  \r\n \t
                1. \u0d2e\u0d20\u0d02: __________<\/li>\r\n \t
                2. \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d15\u0d02: __________<\/li>\r\n \t
                3. \u0d30\u0d42\u0d2a\u0d02: __________<\/li>\r\n \t
                4. \u0d30\u0d3e\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d02: __________<\/li>\r\n \t
                5. \u0d38\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d1f\u0d02: __________<\/li>\r\n \t
                6. \u0d35\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d02: __________<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n

                  Exercise 12.2<\/h3>\r\nReport the following statements using the quotative marker \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d.<\/i>\r\n\r\nModel:<\/b> \"\u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.\" (\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d7b \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41) \u2192 \u0d30\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d7b \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d35\u0d46\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41.\r\n
                    \r\n \t
                  1. \"\u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.\" (\u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41)<\/li>\r\n \t
                  2. \"\u0d1a\u0d3e\u0d2f \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d23\u0d02.\" (\u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41)<\/li>\r\n \t
                  3. \"\u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d05\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.\" (\u0d05\u0d35\u0d7c \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41)<\/li>\r\n \t
                  4. \"\u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d38\u0d41\u0d16\u0d2e\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32.\" (\u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d15\u0d47\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41)<\/li>\r\n \t
                  5. \"\u0d35\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d02 \u0d24\u0d40\u0d7c\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.\" (\u0d2d\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41)<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n

                    Exercise 12.3<\/h3>\r\nTranslate the following sentences into Malayalam using the permissive (-\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46) form.<\/i>\r\n
                      \r\n \t
                    1. Let him go to the office.<\/li>\r\n \t
                    2. Let the children study.<\/li>\r\n \t
                    3. May I come in?<\/li>\r\n \t
                    4. Let us see the movie.<\/li>\r\n \t
                    5. Let her stay here.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n

                      Exercise 12.4<\/h3>\r\nCombine the following verbs with the postpositions \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d7b\u0d2a\u0d4d or \u0d36\u0d47\u0d37\u0d02 as indicated.<\/i>\r\n
                        \r\n \t
                      1. \u0d35\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15 (\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d7b\u0d2a\u0d4d): __________<\/li>\r\n \t
                      2. \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d41\u0d15 (\u0d36\u0d47\u0d37\u0d02): __________<\/li>\r\n \t
                      3. \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d15 (\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d7b\u0d2a\u0d4d): __________<\/li>\r\n \t
                      4. \u0d1c\u0d4b\u0d32\u0d3f \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d15 (\u0d36\u0d47\u0d37\u0d02): __________<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n

                        Exercise 12.5<\/h3>\r\nRewrite the sentences by substituting the spouse reference pronouns (\u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \/ \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7c).<\/i>\r\n
                          \r\n \t
                        1. \u0d2d\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d4d \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u2192 __________<\/li>\r\n \t
                        2. \u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f \u0d1a\u0d3e\u0d2f \u0d24\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u2192 __________<\/li>\r\n \t
                        3. \u0d2d\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d2f\u0d42. \u2192 __________<\/li>\r\n \t
                        4. \u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d1a\u0d4b\u0d26\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d42. \u2192 __________<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n

                          Exercise 12.6<\/h3>\r\nRead and translate the following paragraph into English.<\/i>\r\n\r\n\u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d7b \u0d2e\u0d20\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d2e\u0d15\u0d28\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d2e\u0d15\u0d33\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d. \u0d2e\u0d15\u0d7b \u0d35\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d28\u0d36\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d2e\u0d15\u0d7e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d46\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d15\u0d47\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41. \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d05\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f \u0d28\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46. \u0d15\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d02, \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7c\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d38\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d1f\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.\r\n

                          Exercise 12.7<\/h3>\r\nTranslate into Malayalam.<\/i>\r\n
                            \r\n \t
                          1. I know that he is coming today.<\/li>\r\n \t
                          2. Did you hear that the child is not well?<\/li>\r\n \t
                          3. Let the neighbors come inside.<\/li>\r\n \t
                          4. After finishing the work, I will go to the market.<\/li>\r\n \t
                          5. He said that he wants a book.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n

                            Exercise 12.8<\/h3>\r\nAnswer the following questions in Malayalam based on the conversation.<\/i>\r\n
                              \r\n \t
                            1. \u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f \u0d0e\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41?<\/li>\r\n \t
                            2. \u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d3f?<\/li>\r\n \t
                            3. \u0d2e\u0d15\u0d7b \u0d0e\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f?<\/li>\r\n \t
                            4. \u0d1c\u0d4b\u0d32\u0d3f \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d4b \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d2d\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d4d \u0d1a\u0d4b\u0d26\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4b?<\/li>\r\n \t
                            5. \u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f \u0d0e\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d7e \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d02?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n

                              Exercise 12.9<\/h3>\r\nWriting Practice: Join the following words correctly.<\/i>\r\n
                                \r\n \t
                              1. \u0d38\u0d41\u0d16\u0d02 + \u0d07\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32 + \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d: __________<\/li>\r\n \t
                              2. \u0d38\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4b\u0d37\u0d02 + \u0d06\u0d23\u0d4d + \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d: __________<\/li>\r\n \t
                              3. \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41 + \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d: __________<\/li>\r\n \t
                              4. \u0d2a\u0d28\u0d3f + \u0d06\u0d23\u0d4d + \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d: __________<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------","rendered":"

                                Lesson 12: Husband and Wife (\u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d2d\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d41\u0d02)<\/h1>\n

                                Print Page:<\/b> 227 | PDF Page:<\/b> 171<\/p>\n

                                This lesson provides a comprehensive exploration of domestic and interpersonal relations, focusing on the linguistic norms shared between spouses. Grammatical objectives include the doubling of consonants in case forms of nouns ending in -\u0d02, the formal use of the quotative marker \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/b> for indirect speech, the permissive verb form (-\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46<\/b>), and the sociolinguistic conventions governing address and reference for husbands and wives.<\/p>\n

                                Vocabulary & Reference List<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                Malayalam (Unicode)<\/td>\nTransliteration<\/td>\nEnglish Meaning<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f<\/td>\nbh\u0101ryya<\/td>\nwife<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u0d2d\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d4d<\/td>\nbharth\u0101v\u016d<\/td>\nhusband<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u0d35\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d02<\/td>\nvarttam\u0101na\u1e41<\/td>\nnews\/talk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d36\u0d47\u0d37\u0d02<\/td>\nvi\u015b\u0113\u1e63a\u1e41<\/td>\nnews\/special thing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u0d38\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d1f\u0d02<\/td>\nsa\u1e45ka\u1e6da\u1e41<\/td>\nsadness\/grief<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u0d38\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4b\u0d37\u0d02<\/td>\nsant\u014d\u1e63a\u1e41<\/td>\nhappiness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d7b<\/td>\nayalkk\u0101ran<\/td>\nneighbor (male)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f<\/td>\nayalkk\u0101ri<\/td>\nneighbor (female)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u0d2a\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d02<\/td>\np\u0101va\u1e41<\/td>\npoor thing\/innocent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u0d15\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d02<\/td>\nka\u1e63\u1e6da\u1e41<\/td>\na pity\/difficulty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u0d12\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d46<\/td>\nokke<\/td>\nall\/everything<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u0d24\u0d40\u0d7c\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02<\/td>\nt\u012brccay\u0101yu\u1e41<\/td>\ncertainly<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15<\/td>\nt\u0101masikkuka<\/td>\nto stay\/to live<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d15<\/td>\nparayuka<\/td>\nto say\/tell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/td>\nenn\u016d<\/td>\nquotative marker (that\/called)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u0d05\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d15<\/td>\nariyuka<\/td>\nto know<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u0d35\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15<\/td>\nvarika<\/td>\nto come<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15<\/td>\np\u014dkuka<\/td>\nto go<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41\u0d15<\/td>\nvaruttuka<\/td>\nto cause to come\/fetch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d41\u0d15<\/td>\nk\u0101\u1e47uka<\/td>\nto see<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                -\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46<\/td>\n-\u1e6d\u1e6de<\/td>\npermissive suffix (let\/may)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02<\/td>\nadh\u0113ha\u1e41<\/td>\nhe (respected\/spouse reference)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7c<\/td>\navar<\/td>\nthey\/she (respected spouse reference)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                -\u0d05\u0d24\u0d4d<\/td>\n-at\u016d<\/td>\nverbal noun suffix<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d7b\u0d2a\u0d4d<\/td>\nmunp\u016d<\/td>\nbefore<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u0d36\u0d47\u0d37\u0d02<\/td>\n\u015b\u0113\u1e63a\u1e41<\/td>\nafter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d31\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d<\/td>\npuratt\u016d<\/td>\noutside<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u0d05\u0d15\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d<\/td>\nakatt\u016d<\/td>\ninside<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f<\/td>\nku\u1e6d\u1e6di<\/td>\nchild<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u0d2e\u0d15\u0d7b<\/td>\nmakan<\/td>\nson<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u0d2e\u0d15\u0d7e<\/td>\nmaka\u1e37<\/td>\ndaughter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u0d1c\u0d4b\u0d32\u0d3f<\/td>\nj\u014dli<\/td>\nwork\/job<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                                ——————————————————————————–<\/p>\n

                                Reading Practice Modules<\/h2>\n

                                Pattern 12.A: Consonant Doubling (-\u0d02 to -\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24-)<\/h3>\n

                                Practice the visual transition from the citation form (anusvara) to the inflected locative and possessive forms.<\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                • \u0d2e\u0d20\u0d02<\/b> (Matham) \u2192 \u0d2e\u0d20\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d7d<\/b> (In the matham) \u2192 \u0d2e\u0d20\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46<\/b> (Of the matham)<\/li>\n
                                • \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d15\u0d02<\/b> (Book) \u2192 \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d15\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d7d<\/b> (In the book) \u2192 \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d15\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46<\/b> (Of the book)<\/li>\n
                                • \u0d30\u0d42\u0d2a\u0d02<\/b> (Form\/Rupee) \u2192 \u0d30\u0d42\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d7d<\/b> (In the form) \u2192 \u0d30\u0d42\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46<\/b> (Of the form)<\/li>\n
                                • \u0d38\u0d2e\u0d2f\u0d02<\/b> (Time) \u2192 \u0d38\u0d2e\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d<\/b> (At the time) \u2192 \u0d38\u0d2e\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46<\/b> (Of the time)<\/li>\n
                                • \u0d30\u0d3e\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d02<\/b> (Country) \u2192 \u0d30\u0d3e\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d7d<\/b> (In the country) \u2192 \u0d30\u0d3e\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46<\/b> (Of the country)<\/li>\n
                                • \u0d38\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d1f\u0d02<\/b> (Sadness) \u2192 \u0d38\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d1f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d7d<\/b> (In sadness)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  Pattern 12.B: The Permissive Marker (-\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46)<\/h3>\n

                                  Identify the permissive suffix attached to various verb stems.<\/p>\n

                                    \n
                                  • \u0d35\u0d30\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46<\/b> (Let come)<\/li>\n
                                  • \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46<\/b> (Let go)<\/li>\n
                                  • \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46<\/b> (Let do)<\/li>\n
                                  • \u0d07\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46<\/b> (Let stay\/be)<\/li>\n
                                  • \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d2f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46<\/b> (Let say)<\/li>\n
                                  • \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46<\/b> (Let show)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                    ——————————————————————————–<\/p>\n

                                    The Lesson 12 Conversation: ‘Husband and Wife’<\/h2>\n

                                    \u0d2d\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d4d<\/b>: \u0d28\u0d40 \u0d0e\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41? (Translation)<\/i>: Where are you going?<\/p>\n

                                    \u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f<\/b>: \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d46 \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d38\u0d41\u0d16\u0d2e\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d46\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d47\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41. (Translation)<\/i>: I am going to see the neighbors. I heard that the neighbor (female) is not well.<\/p>\n

                                    \u0d2d\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d4d<\/b>: \u0d05\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d4b, \u0d15\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d02! \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7c\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d3f? (Translation)<\/i>: Oh, what a pity! What happened to her?<\/p>\n

                                    \u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f<\/b>: \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7c\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d46\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d24\u0d4b\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f \u0d28\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46. (Translation)<\/i>: It seems she has a fever. Let me go and look.<\/p>\n

                                    \u0d2d\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d4d<\/b>: \u0d36\u0d30\u0d3f, \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d0e\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46? \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7c \u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4b? (Translation)<\/i>: Okay, where are the children? Did they come?<\/p>\n

                                    \u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f<\/b>: \u0d2e\u0d15\u0d7b \u0d35\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d28\u0d36\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d. \u0d2e\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d05\u0d15\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d. (Translation)<\/i>: Our son has gone to the library. Our daughter is inside.<\/p>\n

                                    \u0d2d\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d4d<\/b>: \u0d1c\u0d4b\u0d32\u0d3f \u0d12\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d46 \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d4b? \u0d07\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d46\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d28\u0d40 \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. (Translation)<\/i>: Is all the work finished? You had said that it would be late today.<\/p>\n

                                    \u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f<\/b>: \u0d07\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32, \u0d0e\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d47\u0d17\u0d02 \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41. \u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d46 \u0d15\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f \u0d36\u0d47\u0d37\u0d02 \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d35\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d02. (Translation)<\/i>: No, everything finished quickly. I will come after seeing the neighbor.<\/p>\n

                                    \u0d2d\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d4d<\/b>: \u0d36\u0d30\u0d3f, \u0d35\u0d47\u0d17\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d30\u0d23\u0d2e\u0d46\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d38\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d1f\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d2f\u0d47\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f. (Translation)<\/i>: Okay, I am saying that you should come back quickly. Don’t go sharing sorrows (long talk).<\/p>\n

                                    \u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f<\/b>: \u0d24\u0d40\u0d7c\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02. \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d09\u0d1f\u0d28\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d02. (Translation)<\/i>: Certainly. I will come immediately.<\/p>\n

                                    ——————————————————————————–<\/p>\n

                                    Comprehensive Grammar Notes<\/h2>\n

                                    12.1 Consonant Doubling in Caseforms of Words in -\u0d02<\/h3>\n

                                    Nouns ending in the anusvara (-\u0d02) undergo a morphophonemic change when adding case endings. The -\u0d02 is dropped and replaced by the doubled dental stop -\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24-<\/b>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                    Citation Form<\/td>\nCase<\/td>\nInflected Form<\/td>\nMeaning<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                    \u0d2e\u0d20\u0d02<\/b><\/td>\nLocative<\/td>\n\u0d2e\u0d20\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d7d<\/b><\/td>\nIn the matham<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                    \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d15\u0d02<\/b><\/td>\nPossessive<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d41\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d15\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46<\/b><\/td>\nOf the book<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                    \u0d30\u0d42\u0d2a\u0d02<\/b><\/td>\nDative<\/td>\n\u0d30\u0d42\u0d2a\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d<\/b><\/td>\nFor the rupee\/form<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                    \u0d38\u0d2e\u0d2f\u0d02<\/b><\/td>\nLocative<\/td>\n\u0d38\u0d2e\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d<\/b><\/td>\nAt the time<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                                    12.2 Indirect Quotes With the Quotative Marker \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/h3>\n

                                    The particle \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/b> (enn\u016d) is used to report speech, thoughts, or perceptions. When a sentence is reported indirectly, it is followed by \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/b>.<\/p>\n

                                      \n
                                    • Direct:<\/b> “\u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d35\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d02,” \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41. (“I will come,” he said.)<\/li>\n
                                    • Indirect:<\/b> \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d46\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41. (He said that he would come.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                      When joined to a word ending in a vowel, \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/b> may trigger a glide (v- or y-).<\/p>\n

                                        \n
                                      • \u0d38\u0d41\u0d16\u0d2e\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32<\/b> + \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/b> \u2192 \u0d38\u0d41\u0d16\u0d2e\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d46\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/b><\/li>\n
                                      • \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41<\/b> + \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/b> \u2192 \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d35\u0d46\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                        12.3 Norms of Address and Reference for Husbands and Wives<\/h3>\n

                                        In traditional Kerala society, spouses often avoid using each other’s names.<\/p>\n

                                          \n
                                        1. Reference:<\/b> A wife may refer to her husband using the respectful third-person pronoun \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02<\/b> (adh\u0113ha\u1e41). A husband may refer to his wife as \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7c<\/b> (avar) or simply as \u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f<\/b>.<\/li>\n
                                        2. Address:<\/b> Direct address often uses plural forms or kinship-oriented identifiers (e.g., “the children’s father”) to maintain social distance and respect.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                          12.4 Verbal Nouns with Postpositions<\/h3>\n

                                          Verbal nouns are formed by adding suffixes like -\u0d05\u0d24\u0d4d<\/b> to the verb stem. These are frequently used with postpositions such as \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d7b\u0d2a\u0d4d<\/b> (before) or \u0d36\u0d47\u0d37\u0d02<\/b> (after).<\/p>\n

                                            \n
                                          • \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d7b\u0d2a\u0d4d<\/b> (Before coming)<\/li>\n
                                          • \u0d15\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f \u0d36\u0d47\u0d37\u0d02<\/b> (After seeing)<\/li>\n
                                          • \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d7b\u0d2a\u0d4d<\/b> (Before going)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                            The verbal noun usually takes the dative case before \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d7b\u0d2a\u0d4d<\/b>.<\/p>\n

                                            12.5 The Permissive Form of the Verb<\/h3>\n

                                            The permissive form expresses “letting” an action happen or asking for permission. It is formed by adding -\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46<\/b> to the verb stem. It does not change according to the subject’s gender or number.<\/p>\n

                                              \n
                                            • \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46<\/b> (Let [me\/him\/them] go)<\/li>\n
                                            • \u0d35\u0d30\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46<\/b> (Let come)<\/li>\n
                                            • \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46<\/b> (Let do)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                              12.6 The Verb \u0d05\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d15 with Nominative Subjects<\/h3>\n

                                              While “knowing” is often an impersonal construction (Dative Subject + \u0d05\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d02), Lesson 12 highlights that \u0d05\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d15<\/b> (ariyuka) can be used with a nominative subject when the agent is actively “finding out” or when emphasizing the act of knowing as an ability or active awareness.<\/p>\n

                                              ——————————————————————————–<\/p>\n

                                              Lesson 12 Exercise Suite<\/h2>\n

                                              Exercise 12.1<\/h3>\n

                                              Transform the following nouns ending in -\u0d02 into the locative case (-\u0d3f\u0d7d).<\/i><\/p>\n

                                                \n
                                              1. \u0d2e\u0d20\u0d02: __________<\/li>\n
                                              2. \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d15\u0d02: __________<\/li>\n
                                              3. \u0d30\u0d42\u0d2a\u0d02: __________<\/li>\n
                                              4. \u0d30\u0d3e\u0d1c\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d02: __________<\/li>\n
                                              5. \u0d38\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d1f\u0d02: __________<\/li>\n
                                              6. \u0d35\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d02: __________<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                Exercise 12.2<\/h3>\n

                                                Report the following statements using the quotative marker \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d.<\/i><\/p>\n

                                                Model:<\/b> “\u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.” (\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d7b \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41) \u2192 \u0d30\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d7b \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41\u0d35\u0d46\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41.<\/p>\n

                                                  \n
                                                1. “\u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.” (\u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41)<\/li>\n
                                                2. “\u0d1a\u0d3e\u0d2f \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d23\u0d02.” (\u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41)<\/li>\n
                                                3. “\u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d05\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.” (\u0d05\u0d35\u0d7c \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41)<\/li>\n
                                                4. “\u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d38\u0d41\u0d16\u0d2e\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32.” (\u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d15\u0d47\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41)<\/li>\n
                                                5. “\u0d35\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d02 \u0d24\u0d40\u0d7c\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41.” (\u0d2d\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d41)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                  Exercise 12.3<\/h3>\n

                                                  Translate the following sentences into Malayalam using the permissive (-\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46) form.<\/i><\/p>\n

                                                    \n
                                                  1. Let him go to the office.<\/li>\n
                                                  2. Let the children study.<\/li>\n
                                                  3. May I come in?<\/li>\n
                                                  4. Let us see the movie.<\/li>\n
                                                  5. Let her stay here.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                    Exercise 12.4<\/h3>\n

                                                    Combine the following verbs with the postpositions \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d7b\u0d2a\u0d4d or \u0d36\u0d47\u0d37\u0d02 as indicated.<\/i><\/p>\n

                                                      \n
                                                    1. \u0d35\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15 (\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d7b\u0d2a\u0d4d): __________<\/li>\n
                                                    2. \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d41\u0d15 (\u0d36\u0d47\u0d37\u0d02): __________<\/li>\n
                                                    3. \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d15 (\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d7b\u0d2a\u0d4d): __________<\/li>\n
                                                    4. \u0d1c\u0d4b\u0d32\u0d3f \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d15 (\u0d36\u0d47\u0d37\u0d02): __________<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                      Exercise 12.5<\/h3>\n

                                                      Rewrite the sentences by substituting the spouse reference pronouns (\u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d02 \/ \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7c).<\/i><\/p>\n

                                                        \n
                                                      1. \u0d2d\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d4d \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u2192 __________<\/li>\n
                                                      2. \u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f \u0d1a\u0d3e\u0d2f \u0d24\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u2192 __________<\/li>\n
                                                      3. \u0d2d\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d31\u0d2f\u0d42. \u2192 __________<\/li>\n
                                                      4. \u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d1a\u0d4b\u0d26\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d42. \u2192 __________<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                        Exercise 12.6<\/h3>\n

                                                        Read and translate the following paragraph into English.<\/i><\/p>\n

                                                        \u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d7b \u0d2e\u0d20\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d2e\u0d38\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d05\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d26\u0d47\u0d39\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d2e\u0d15\u0d28\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d2e\u0d15\u0d33\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d. \u0d2e\u0d15\u0d7b \u0d35\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d28\u0d36\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d2e\u0d15\u0d7e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d46\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d15\u0d47\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41. \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d05\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f \u0d28\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46. \u0d15\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d02, \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7c\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d38\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d1f\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/p>\n

                                                        Exercise 12.7<\/h3>\n

                                                        Translate into Malayalam.<\/i><\/p>\n

                                                          \n
                                                        1. I know that he is coming today.<\/li>\n
                                                        2. Did you hear that the child is not well?<\/li>\n
                                                        3. Let the neighbors come inside.<\/li>\n
                                                        4. After finishing the work, I will go to the market.<\/li>\n
                                                        5. He said that he wants a book.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                          Exercise 12.8<\/h3>\n

                                                          Answer the following questions in Malayalam based on the conversation.<\/i><\/p>\n

                                                            \n
                                                          1. \u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f \u0d0e\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41?<\/li>\n
                                                          2. \u0d05\u0d2f\u0d7d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d3f?<\/li>\n
                                                          3. \u0d2e\u0d15\u0d7b \u0d0e\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d2f\u0d3f?<\/li>\n
                                                          4. \u0d1c\u0d4b\u0d32\u0d3f \u0d15\u0d34\u0d3f\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e\u0d4b \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d2d\u0d7c\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d4d \u0d1a\u0d4b\u0d26\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4b?<\/li>\n
                                                          5. \u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f \u0d0e\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d7e \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d02?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                            Exercise 12.9<\/h3>\n

                                                            Writing Practice: Join the following words correctly.<\/i><\/p>\n

                                                              \n
                                                            1. \u0d38\u0d41\u0d16\u0d02 + \u0d07\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32 + \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d: __________<\/li>\n
                                                            2. \u0d38\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4b\u0d37\u0d02 + \u0d06\u0d23\u0d4d + \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d: __________<\/li>\n
                                                            3. \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41 + \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d: __________<\/li>\n
                                                            4. \u0d2a\u0d28\u0d3f + \u0d06\u0d23\u0d4d + \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d: __________<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

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