{"id":40,"date":"2026-05-11T19:02:42","date_gmt":"2026-05-11T18:02:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/chapter\/lesson-9\/"},"modified":"2026-05-25T09:25:01","modified_gmt":"2026-05-25T08:25:01","slug":"lesson-9","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/moagml\/chapter\/lesson-9\/","title":{"raw":"Lesson Nine","rendered":"Lesson Nine"},"content":{"raw":"2. Reference List: All Forms of Nouns<\/span>\r\n\r\nSource: Lesson Page 127 \/ Printed Page 173<\/i>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Base Form (Nom. Sing.)<\/td>\r\nOblique Stem<\/td>\r\nCase\/Form Category<\/td>\r\nForm (Unicode)<\/td>\r\nNotes<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d2e\u0d15\u0d7b (son)<\/td>\r\n\u0d2e\u0d15\u0d28\u0d4d-<\/td>\r\nAccusative<\/td>\r\n\u0d2e\u0d15\u0d28\u0d46<\/td>\r\n-\u0d28\u0d46 ending for masculine<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nDative<\/td>\r\n\u0d2e\u0d15\u0d28\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n-\u0d28\u0d41 ending after -\u0d7b<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nGenitive<\/td>\r\n\u0d2e\u0d15\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46<\/td>\r\n-\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 ending<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nSociative<\/td>\r\n\u0d2e\u0d15\u0d28\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n-\u0d13\u0d1f\u0d4d ending<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nLocative<\/td>\r\n\u0d2e\u0d15\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d7d<\/td>\r\n-\u0d07\u0d7d ending<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nNominative Plural<\/td>\r\n\u0d2e\u0d15\u0d7b\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d7c \/ \u0d2e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d7e<\/td>\r\nIrregular\/Standard plurals<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d2a\u0d34\u0d02 (fruit)<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d34\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24-<\/td>\r\nAccusative<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d34\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46<\/td>\r\n-\u0d02 changes to -\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24-<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nDative<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d34\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n-\u0d07\u0d28\u0d4d ending<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nGenitive<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d34\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46<\/td>\r\n-\u0d07\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 ending<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nSociative<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d34\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n-\u0d13\u0d1f\u0d4d ending<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nLocative<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d34\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d7d<\/td>\r\n-\u0d07\u0d7d ending<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nNominative Plural<\/td>\r\n\u0d2a\u0d34\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e<\/td>\r\n-\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e plural marker<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d05\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f (y. sister)<\/td>\r\n\u0d05\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f-<\/td>\r\nAccusative<\/td>\r\n\u0d05\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d46<\/td>\r\n-\u0d2f\u0d46 ending after -\u0d3f<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nDative<\/td>\r\n\u0d05\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n-\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d ending after -\u0d3f<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nGenitive<\/td>\r\n\u0d05\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46<\/td>\r\n-\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 ending<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nSociative<\/td>\r\n\u0d05\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n-\u0d13\u0d1f\u0d4d ending<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nLocative<\/td>\r\n\u0d05\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d<\/td>\r\n-\u0d07\u0d7d ending<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nNominative Plural<\/td>\r\n\u0d05\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d7c<\/td>\r\n-\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d7c for female humans<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f (room)<\/td>\r\n\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f-<\/td>\r\nAccusative<\/td>\r\n\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d46<\/td>\r\nGlide -\u0d2f- insertion<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nDative<\/td>\r\n\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d<\/td>\r\n-\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d ending<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nLocative<\/td>\r\n\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d<\/td>\r\nIn the room<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d2e\u0d47\u0d36 (table)<\/td>\r\n\u0d2e\u0d47\u0d36-<\/td>\r\nGenitive<\/td>\r\n\u0d2e\u0d47\u0d36\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46<\/td>\r\nOf the table<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nLocative<\/td>\r\n\u0d2e\u0d47\u0d36\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d<\/td>\r\nOn the table<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

3. Lesson Vocabulary<\/h2>\r\nSource: Lesson Pages 138\u2013139 \/ Printed Pages 184\u2013185<\/i>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Malayalam Word<\/td>\r\nGrammatical Category<\/td>\r\nEnglish Definition\/Equivalent<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d05\u0d30<\/td>\r\nn.<\/td>\r\nwaist<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d05\u0d32\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d30<\/td>\r\nn.<\/td>\r\ncupboard, wardrobe<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d06\u0d2d\u0d30\u0d23\u0d02<\/td>\r\nn.<\/td>\r\nornament, jewelry<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d09\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15<\/td>\r\nv.<\/td>\r\nto put on, to wear (specifically for mundu\/sari)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d09\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4d<\/td>\r\nn.<\/td>\r\ndress, garment, shirt<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d15\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d23\u0d3e\u0d1f\u0d3f<\/td>\r\nn.<\/td>\r\nmirror, eyeglasses<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d15\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d7d<\/td>\r\nn.<\/td>\r\nearring<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d15\u0d31\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24<\/td>\r\nadj.<\/td>\r\nblack<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d15\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d02<\/td>\r\nn.<\/td>\r\nshirt, gown<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d15\u0d48<\/td>\r\nn.<\/td>\r\nhand, arm<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d15\u0d4a\u0d32\u0d41\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d38\u0d4d<\/td>\r\nn.<\/td>\r\nanklet<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d1a\u0d46\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4d<\/td>\r\nn.<\/td>\r\nsandals, shoes, footwear<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d1a\u0d41\u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28<\/td>\r\nadj.<\/td>\r\nred<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d3f<\/td>\r\nn.<\/td>\r\nwedding necklace<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d24\u0d41\u0d23\u0d3f<\/td>\r\nn.<\/td>\r\ncloth, garment<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d26\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d23\u0d3f<\/td>\r\nn.<\/td>\r\nhalf-sari<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d27\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15<\/td>\r\nv.<\/td>\r\nto wear, to put on (formal)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d28\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32<\/td>\r\nadj.<\/td>\r\ngood, nice<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d28\u0d40\u0d32<\/td>\r\nadj.<\/td>\r\nblue<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d2a\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a<\/td>\r\nadj.<\/td>\r\ngreen<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d2a\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f<\/td>\r\nn.<\/td>\r\nsilk sari<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d2a\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d02<\/td>\r\nn.<\/td>\r\ntradition<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d2a\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f<\/td>\r\nadj.<\/td>\r\nnew<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d2a\u0d41\u0d30\u0d41\u0d37\u0d7b<\/td>\r\nn.<\/td>\r\nman<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d2a\u0d34\u0d2f<\/td>\r\nadj.<\/td>\r\nold<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d2c\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d57\u0d38\u0d4d<\/td>\r\nn.<\/td>\r\nblouse<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d2e\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e<\/td>\r\nadj.<\/td>\r\nyellow<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d32<\/td>\r\nn.<\/td>\r\nnecklace, garland<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/td>\r\nn.<\/td>\r\nmundu (traditional lower garment)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f<\/td>\r\nn.<\/td>\r\nroom<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d2e\u0d4b\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d02<\/td>\r\nn.<\/td>\r\nring<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d35\u0d33<\/td>\r\nn.<\/td>\r\nbangle<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d35\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d02<\/td>\r\nn.<\/td>\r\nclothes, clothing<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d35\u0d46\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33<\/td>\r\nadj.<\/td>\r\nwhite<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d37\u0d7c\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/td>\r\nn.<\/td>\r\nshirt<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f<\/td>\r\nn.<\/td>\r\nsari<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d38\u0d46\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/td>\r\nn.<\/td>\r\nset mundu (traditional two-piece)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d0f\u0d24\u0d4d<\/td>\r\ninterr.<\/td>\r\nwhich<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d05\u0d24\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d32\u0d46<\/td>\r\nadv.<\/td>\r\nsimilarly, like that<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d0e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d41\u0d02<\/td>\r\nconj.<\/td>\r\neven then, however<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0d05\u0d24\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4a\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/td>\r\nconj.<\/td>\r\ntherefore, because of that<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

4. Reading Practice<\/h2>\r\n

4.1 Reading Practice A: \u0d15\u0d47\u0d30\u0d33\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e<\/h3>\r\nSource: Lesson Page 128 \/ Printed Page 174<\/i>\r\n\r\nMalayalam Text:<\/b> \u0d15\u0d47\u0d30\u0d33\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d30\u0d41\u0d37\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d40\u0d15\u0d33\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d32\u0d24\u0d30\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d27\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d2a\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d0e\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d28\u0d47\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d06\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d09\u0d2a\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d24\u0d4d. \u0d07\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d30\u0d41\u0d37\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d7c \u0d37\u0d7c\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d27\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d40\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d2c\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d57\u0d38\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d09\u0d2a\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d0e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d36\u0d47\u0d37 \u0d26\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d38\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d3e\u0d39\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d40\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d38\u0d46\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d09\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d07\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d46\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d38\u0d46\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d47\u0d30\u0d33\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f \u0d35\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d. \u0d15\u0d4a\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d41 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d09\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d27\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d42\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d2f\u0d42\u0d23\u0d3f\u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d02 \u0d09\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d. \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d30\u0d41\u0d37\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d7c \u0d35\u0d40\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d41\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d09\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d06\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d07\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d46\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d24\u0d4d.\r\n\r\nEnglish Translation:<\/b> Men and women in Kerala wear many types of clothes. In olden times, everyone used the mundu and neriyathu. Today, men wear shirts and pants. Women use saris and blouses. However, on special days and for weddings, women like to wear the set mundu. The set mundu is the traditional dress of Kerala. Small children wear dresses\/garments. Children going to school have uniforms. Men prefer to wear the mundu inside the house.\r\n

4.2 Reading Practice B: \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f<\/h3>\r\nSource: Lesson Page 130 \/ Printed Page 176<\/i>\r\n\r\nMalayalam Text:<\/b> \u0d07\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f. \u0d08 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d15\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d2e\u0d47\u0d36\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d30\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d38\u0d47\u0d30\u0d15\u0d33\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d09\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d. \u0d2e\u0d47\u0d36\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d15\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d15\u0d41\u0d31\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d15\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d33\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d2a\u0d47\u0d28\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d07\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d15\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d46 \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d09\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d. \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d36\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d35\u0d32\u0d3f\u0d2f \u0d05\u0d32\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d30 \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d3e\u0d02. \u0d05\u0d32\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d09\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d06\u0d23\u0d4d. \u0d1a\u0d41\u0d35\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d35\u0d32\u0d3f\u0d2f \u0d15\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d23\u0d3e\u0d1f\u0d3f \u0d24\u0d42\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d. \u0d15\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d23\u0d3e\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d36\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d09\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d. \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f \u0d0e\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d34\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d43\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d. \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f \u0d35\u0d33\u0d30\u0d46 \u0d07\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d.\r\n\r\nEnglish Translation:<\/b> This is my room. In this room, there is a bed, a table, and two chairs. Some books and a pen are sitting on top of the table. My sandals are under the bed. A large cupboard can be seen at the side of the room. Inside the cupboard are my clothes. A large mirror is hung on the wall. There is also a necklace on the side of the mirror. My room is always clean. I like my room very much.\r\n

5. Conversation: \"Sharing Saris\"<\/h2>\r\nSource: Lesson Page 129 \/ Printed Page 175<\/i>\r\n\r\n\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d31:<\/b> \u0d31\u0d40\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24, \u0d08 \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d47\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4b? \u0d05\u0d24\u0d4b \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d1a\u0d47\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d47\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4b? (Rita, is this sari yours? Or is it your elder sister's?)\r\n\r\n\u0d31\u0d40\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24:<\/b> \u0d05\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32 \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d31, \u0d07\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d1a\u0d47\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d. \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7e \u0d07\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d07\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d32\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d3e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d. \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d07\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d07\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d46\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4b? (No Sarah, this is my elder sister's. She bought this yesterday. Do you like it?)\r\n\r\n\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d31:<\/b> \u0d05\u0d24\u0d46, \u0d07\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d31\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d33\u0d30\u0d46 \u0d28\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d. \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d26\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d38\u0d02 \u0d07\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d24\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d4b? \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d15\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d. (Yes, its color is very good. Will you give it to me one day? I have a wedding to go to.)\r\n\r\n\u0d31\u0d40\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24:<\/b> \u0d24\u0d40\u0d7c\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d24\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d02. \u0d1a\u0d47\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d1a\u0d4b\u0d26\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d28\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d46 \u0d07\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d4a\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d35\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d02. \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d15\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d0f\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d09\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33\u0d24\u0d4d? (Certainly I will give it. I will bring it tomorrow after asking my elder sister. Which sari do you have with you?)\r\n\r\n\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d31:<\/b> \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d05\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f \u0d1a\u0d41\u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28 \u0d2a\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d. \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d05\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d35\u0d47\u0d23\u0d2e\u0d46\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d24\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d02. \u0d28\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d35\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d2a\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d35\u0d46\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d02. (I have a new red silk sari with me. If you want it, I will give it. We can share clothes.)\r\n\r\n\u0d31\u0d40\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24:<\/b> \u0d05\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d28\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32 \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d. \u0d28\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d28\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d46 \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d3e\u0d02. (That is a good thing. Let's see tomorrow.)\r\n

6. Grammar Notes (Sections 9.1 \u2013 9.5)<\/h2>\r\n

9.1 The Malayalam Noun: Case Forms and Postpositions<\/h3>\r\nThe Malayalam noun system is characterized by a series of case endings (suffixes) that denote the relationship of the noun to the verb or other nouns in the sentence. While English uses prepositions (to, with, for, in) which precede the noun, Malayalam uses case suffixes and postpositions which follow the noun. There are seven primary cases in Malayalam, and the form of the suffix often depends on the final sound of the noun stem.\r\n

9.2 Direct and Oblique Forms<\/h3>\r\nA fundamental distinction in Malayalam grammar is between the direct form (Nominative) and the oblique stem. Many nouns undergo a predictable internal change before any case ending or postposition is added.\r\n
    \r\n \t
  • Neuter nouns ending in -\u0d02:<\/b> The final -\u0d02 changes to -\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d-. This is the oblique stem.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Nouns ending in -\u0d09:<\/b> Often change to -\u0d07- before endings starting with a vowel.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

    9.3 Case Endings and Their Functions<\/h3>\r\nThe primary case endings introduced in this lesson are:\r\n
      \r\n \t
    1. Nominative:<\/b> The base form. Used for the subject of most verbs.<\/li>\r\n \t
    2. Accusative (-\u0d0e):<\/b> Used for the direct object, particularly when the object is definite or human.<\/li>\r\n \t
    3. Dative (-\u0d28\u0d41, -\u0d07\u0d28\u0d41, -\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41, -\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41):<\/b> The dative has several distinct functions in Malayalam:\r\n
        \r\n \t
      • Direction\/Destination:<\/b> \u0d1f\u0d57\u0d23\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d (To the town).<\/li>\r\n \t
      • Purpose:<\/b> \u0d1a\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d (For tea).<\/li>\r\n \t
      • Time:<\/b> \u0d0e\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41 \u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d (At eight o'clock).<\/li>\r\n \t
      • Experience:<\/b> With verbs like 'like' (\u0d07\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d02), 'know' (\u0d05\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d02), or 'want' (\u0d35\u0d47\u0d23\u0d02), the person experiencing the feeling must be in the dative case.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t
      • Genitive (-\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46, -\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46):<\/b> Denotes possession or relationship.<\/li>\r\n \t
      • Sociative (-\u0d13\u0d1f\u0d4d):<\/b> Denotes \"with\" or \"to\" (with verbs of speaking).<\/li>\r\n \t
      • Locative (-\u0d7d, -\u0d07\u0d7d):<\/b> Denotes \"in,\" \"on,\" or \"at.\"<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n

        9.4 Postpositions<\/h3>\r\nPostpositions are independent words that follow a noun to further specify spatial or logical relationships. Unlike case endings, they are not suffixes but usually require the preceding noun to be in a specific case (most often the genitive).\r\n
          \r\n \t
        • \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d15\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d (on top of \/ above):<\/b> \u0d2e\u0d47\u0d36\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d15\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d (On top of the table).<\/li>\r\n \t
        • \u0d05\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d (near):<\/b> \u0d15\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d05\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d (Near the bed).<\/li>\r\n \t
        • \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d46 (under \/ below):<\/b> \u0d05\u0d32\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d46 (Under the cupboard).<\/li>\r\n \t
        • \u0d09\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d (inside):<\/b> \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d09\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d (Inside the room).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

          9.5 Noun Phrases and Adjectives<\/h3>\r\nNoun phrases in Malayalam follow a strict order: Modifiers precede the head noun.\r\n
            \r\n \t
          • Adjectives:<\/b> Adjectives like \u0d28\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32 (good), \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f (new), or \u0d1a\u0d41\u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28 (red) always come before the noun. They do not change their form to match the gender, number, or case of the noun.<\/li>\r\n \t
          • Demonstratives:<\/b> \u0d08 (this) and \u0d06 (that) also precede the noun.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

            7. Exercises (1 \u2013 13)<\/h2>\r\nSource: Lesson Pages 135\u2013137 \/ Printed Pages 181\u2013183<\/i>\r\n
              \r\n \t
            1. Translate the following phrases into Malayalam using the correct case endings:<\/b>\r\n
                \r\n \t
              • (a) In the room \u2014 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d<\/li>\r\n \t
              • (b) To the son \u2014 \u0d2e\u0d15\u0d28\u0d4d<\/li>\r\n \t
              • (c) Of the sister \u2014 \u0d38\u0d39\u0d4b\u0d26\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \/ \u0d1a\u0d47\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46<\/li>\r\n \t
              • (d) With the father \u2014 \u0d05\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1b\u0d28\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/li>\r\n \t
              • (e) At eight o'clock \u2014 \u0d0e\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41 \u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t
              • Convert the following nouns into the Accusative case form:<\/b>\r\n
                  \r\n \t
                • (a) \u0d2e\u0d15\u0d7b \u2014 \u0d2e\u0d15\u0d28\u0d46<\/li>\r\n \t
                • (b) \u0d05\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2e \u2014 \u0d05\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d2f\u0d46<\/li>\r\n \t
                • (c) \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d15\u0d02 \u2014 \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d15\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46<\/li>\r\n \t
                • (d) \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f \u2014 \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d46<\/li>\r\n \t
                • (e) \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f \u2014 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d46<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t
                • Provide the Dative case for these nouns and use them in a sentence with '\u0d07\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d':<\/b>\r\n
                    \r\n \t
                  • (a) \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u2014 \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d (\u0d0e\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f \u0d07\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d.)<\/li>\r\n \t
                  • (b) \u0d28\u0d40 \u2014 \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d (\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d0f\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d31\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d07\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d02?)<\/li>\r\n \t
                  • (c) \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e \u2014 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d (\u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d27\u0d41\u0d30\u0d02 \u0d07\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d.)<\/li>\r\n \t
                  • (d) \u0d31\u0d40\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24 \u2014 \u0d31\u0d40\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d (\u0d31\u0d40\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f \u0d09\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4d \u0d07\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d.)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t
                  • Rewrite the sentences using the appropriate postposition (\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d15\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d, \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d46, \u0d05\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d, \u0d09\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d):<\/b>\r\n
                      \r\n \t
                    • (a) The book is on the table. \u2014 \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d15\u0d02 \u0d2e\u0d47\u0d36\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d15\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d06\u0d23\u0d4d.<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • (b) The shoes are under the bed. \u2014 \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d15\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d46 \u0d06\u0d23\u0d4d.<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • (c) The chair is near the table. \u2014 \u0d15\u0d38\u0d47\u0d30 \u0d2e\u0d47\u0d36\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d05\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d06\u0d23\u0d4d.<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • (d) The clothes are inside the cupboard. \u2014 \u0d35\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d05\u0d32\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d09\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d06\u0d23\u0d4d.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t
                    • Answer the following questions based on Reading Practice B:<\/b>\r\n
                        \r\n \t
                      • (a) \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d0e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30 \u0d15\u0d38\u0d47\u0d30\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d09\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d? \u2014 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d30\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d38\u0d47\u0d30\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d09\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/li>\r\n \t
                      • (b) \u0d05\u0d32\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d30 \u0d0e\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d? \u2014 \u0d05\u0d32\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d30 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d36\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d.<\/li>\r\n \t
                      • (c) \u0d15\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d23\u0d3e\u0d1f\u0d3f \u0d0e\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d24\u0d42\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d? \u2014 \u0d15\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d23\u0d3e\u0d1f\u0d3f \u0d1a\u0d41\u0d35\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d24\u0d42\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t
                      • Form the Genitive (Possessive) for the following:<\/b>\r\n
                          \r\n \t
                        • (a) \u0d15\u0d47\u0d30\u0d33\u0d02 \u2014 \u0d15\u0d47\u0d30\u0d33\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46<\/li>\r\n \t
                        • (b) \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d40 \u2014 \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d40\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46<\/li>\r\n \t
                        • (c) \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d30\u0d41\u0d37\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d7c \u2014 \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d30\u0d41\u0d37\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46<\/li>\r\n \t
                        • (d) \u0d05\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f \u2014 \u0d05\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t
                        • Choose the correct adjective to fill the blank:<\/b>\r\n
                            \r\n \t
                          • (a) \u0d07\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 _____ (\u0d2a\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\/\u0d2a\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d) \u0d35\u0d40\u0d1f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d. \u2014 \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f<\/li>\r\n \t
                          • (b) \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d _____ (\u0d1a\u0d41\u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\/\u0d1a\u0d41\u0d35\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4d) \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f \u0d35\u0d47\u0d23\u0d02. \u2014 \u0d1a\u0d41\u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t
                          • Translate into Malayalam:<\/b> \"I have a red sari.\" (Use the 'Dative + \u0d09\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d' construction).\r\n
                              \r\n \t
                            • \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d1a\u0d41\u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28 \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t
                            • Change to Plural:<\/b>\r\n
                                \r\n \t
                              • (a) \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f \u2014 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e<\/li>\r\n \t
                              • (b) \u0d06\u0d2d\u0d30\u0d23\u0d02 \u2014 \u0d06\u0d2d\u0d30\u0d23\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e<\/li>\r\n \t
                              • (c) \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f \u2014 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e<\/li>\r\n \t
                              • (d) \u0d15\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d23\u0d3e\u0d1f\u0d3f \u2014 \u0d15\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d23\u0d3e\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t
                              • Explain the change in the noun '\u0d2e\u0d47\u0d36' when adding '-\u0d07\u0d7d':<\/b>\r\n
                                  \r\n \t
                                • Since '\u0d2e\u0d47\u0d36' ends in a vowel, the glide -\u0d2f- is inserted to prevent a hiatus. Form: \u0d2e\u0d47\u0d36\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t
                                • Translate into English:<\/b>\r\n
                                    \r\n \t
                                  • (a) \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d3e\u0d39\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d40\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d2a\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f \u0d09\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u2014 Women wear silk saris for weddings.<\/li>\r\n \t
                                  • (b) \u0d08 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f \u0d35\u0d33\u0d30\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d43\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d. \u2014 This room is very clean.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t
                                  • Identify the case of the underlined words:<\/b>\r\n
                                      \r\n \t
                                    • (a) \u0d05\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/b> \u0d1a\u0d4b\u0d26\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d42. \u2014 Sociative.<\/li>\r\n \t
                                    • (b) \u0d2e\u0d47\u0d36\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46<\/b> \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d31\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d. \u2014 Genitive.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t
                                    • Create a sentence using '\u0d05\u0d24\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4a\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d' (Therefore):<\/b>\r\n
                                        \r\n \t
                                      • \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d35\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3e, \u0d05\u0d24\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4a\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32. (I am not well, therefore I am not coming.)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n

                                        8. Transcription Appendix: Page Mapping<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
                                        Lesson Page Number<\/td>\r\nCorresponding Printed Page Number<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                                        127<\/td>\r\n173<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                                        128<\/td>\r\n174<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                                        129<\/td>\r\n175<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                                        130<\/td>\r\n176<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                                        131<\/td>\r\n177<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                                        132<\/td>\r\n178<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                                        133<\/td>\r\n179<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                                        134<\/td>\r\n180<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                                        135<\/td>\r\n181<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                                        136<\/td>\r\n182<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                                        137<\/td>\r\n183<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                                        138<\/td>\r\n184<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                                        139<\/td>\r\n185<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                                        140<\/td>\r\n186<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>","rendered":"

                                        2. Reference List: All Forms of Nouns<\/span><\/p>\n

                                        Source: Lesson Page 127 \/ Printed Page 173<\/i><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                        Base Form (Nom. Sing.)<\/td>\nOblique Stem<\/td>\nCase\/Form Category<\/td>\nForm (Unicode)<\/td>\nNotes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d2e\u0d15\u0d7b (son)<\/td>\n\u0d2e\u0d15\u0d28\u0d4d-<\/td>\nAccusative<\/td>\n\u0d2e\u0d15\u0d28\u0d46<\/td>\n-\u0d28\u0d46 ending for masculine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        <\/td>\n<\/td>\nDative<\/td>\n\u0d2e\u0d15\u0d28\u0d4d<\/td>\n-\u0d28\u0d41 ending after -\u0d7b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        <\/td>\n<\/td>\nGenitive<\/td>\n\u0d2e\u0d15\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46<\/td>\n-\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 ending<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        <\/td>\n<\/td>\nSociative<\/td>\n\u0d2e\u0d15\u0d28\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/td>\n-\u0d13\u0d1f\u0d4d ending<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        <\/td>\n<\/td>\nLocative<\/td>\n\u0d2e\u0d15\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d7d<\/td>\n-\u0d07\u0d7d ending<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        <\/td>\n<\/td>\nNominative Plural<\/td>\n\u0d2e\u0d15\u0d7b\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d7c \/ \u0d2e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d7e<\/td>\nIrregular\/Standard plurals<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d2a\u0d34\u0d02 (fruit)<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d34\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24-<\/td>\nAccusative<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d34\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46<\/td>\n-\u0d02 changes to -\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        <\/td>\n<\/td>\nDative<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d34\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d<\/td>\n-\u0d07\u0d28\u0d4d ending<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        <\/td>\n<\/td>\nGenitive<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d34\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46<\/td>\n-\u0d07\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 ending<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        <\/td>\n<\/td>\nSociative<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d34\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/td>\n-\u0d13\u0d1f\u0d4d ending<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        <\/td>\n<\/td>\nLocative<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d34\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d7d<\/td>\n-\u0d07\u0d7d ending<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        <\/td>\n<\/td>\nNominative Plural<\/td>\n\u0d2a\u0d34\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e<\/td>\n-\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e plural marker<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d05\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f (y. sister)<\/td>\n\u0d05\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f-<\/td>\nAccusative<\/td>\n\u0d05\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d46<\/td>\n-\u0d2f\u0d46 ending after -\u0d3f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        <\/td>\n<\/td>\nDative<\/td>\n\u0d05\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d<\/td>\n-\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d ending after -\u0d3f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        <\/td>\n<\/td>\nGenitive<\/td>\n\u0d05\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46<\/td>\n-\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 ending<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        <\/td>\n<\/td>\nSociative<\/td>\n\u0d05\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/td>\n-\u0d13\u0d1f\u0d4d ending<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        <\/td>\n<\/td>\nLocative<\/td>\n\u0d05\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d<\/td>\n-\u0d07\u0d7d ending<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        <\/td>\n<\/td>\nNominative Plural<\/td>\n\u0d05\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d7c<\/td>\n-\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d7c for female humans<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f (room)<\/td>\n\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f-<\/td>\nAccusative<\/td>\n\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d46<\/td>\nGlide -\u0d2f- insertion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        <\/td>\n<\/td>\nDative<\/td>\n\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d<\/td>\n-\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d ending<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        <\/td>\n<\/td>\nLocative<\/td>\n\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d<\/td>\nIn the room<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d2e\u0d47\u0d36 (table)<\/td>\n\u0d2e\u0d47\u0d36-<\/td>\nGenitive<\/td>\n\u0d2e\u0d47\u0d36\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46<\/td>\nOf the table<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        <\/td>\n<\/td>\nLocative<\/td>\n\u0d2e\u0d47\u0d36\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d<\/td>\nOn the table<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                                        3. Lesson Vocabulary<\/h2>\n

                                        Source: Lesson Pages 138\u2013139 \/ Printed Pages 184\u2013185<\/i><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                        Malayalam Word<\/td>\nGrammatical Category<\/td>\nEnglish Definition\/Equivalent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d05\u0d30<\/td>\nn.<\/td>\nwaist<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d05\u0d32\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d30<\/td>\nn.<\/td>\ncupboard, wardrobe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d06\u0d2d\u0d30\u0d23\u0d02<\/td>\nn.<\/td>\nornament, jewelry<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d09\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15<\/td>\nv.<\/td>\nto put on, to wear (specifically for mundu\/sari)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d09\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4d<\/td>\nn.<\/td>\ndress, garment, shirt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d15\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d23\u0d3e\u0d1f\u0d3f<\/td>\nn.<\/td>\nmirror, eyeglasses<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d15\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d7d<\/td>\nn.<\/td>\nearring<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d15\u0d31\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24<\/td>\nadj.<\/td>\nblack<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d15\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d02<\/td>\nn.<\/td>\nshirt, gown<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d15\u0d48<\/td>\nn.<\/td>\nhand, arm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d15\u0d4a\u0d32\u0d41\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d38\u0d4d<\/td>\nn.<\/td>\nanklet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4d<\/td>\nn.<\/td>\nsandals, shoes, footwear<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d1a\u0d41\u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28<\/td>\nadj.<\/td>\nred<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d3f<\/td>\nn.<\/td>\nwedding necklace<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d24\u0d41\u0d23\u0d3f<\/td>\nn.<\/td>\ncloth, garment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d26\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d23\u0d3f<\/td>\nn.<\/td>\nhalf-sari<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d27\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d15<\/td>\nv.<\/td>\nto wear, to put on (formal)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d28\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32<\/td>\nadj.<\/td>\ngood, nice<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d28\u0d40\u0d32<\/td>\nadj.<\/td>\nblue<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d2a\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a<\/td>\nadj.<\/td>\ngreen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d2a\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f<\/td>\nn.<\/td>\nsilk sari<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d2a\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d02<\/td>\nn.<\/td>\ntradition<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f<\/td>\nadj.<\/td>\nnew<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d30\u0d41\u0d37\u0d7b<\/td>\nn.<\/td>\nman<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d2a\u0d34\u0d2f<\/td>\nadj.<\/td>\nold<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d2c\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d57\u0d38\u0d4d<\/td>\nn.<\/td>\nblouse<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d2e\u0d1e\u0d4d\u0d1e<\/td>\nadj.<\/td>\nyellow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d32<\/td>\nn.<\/td>\nnecklace, garland<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/td>\nn.<\/td>\nmundu (traditional lower garment)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f<\/td>\nn.<\/td>\nroom<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d2e\u0d4b\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d02<\/td>\nn.<\/td>\nring<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d35\u0d33<\/td>\nn.<\/td>\nbangle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d35\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d02<\/td>\nn.<\/td>\nclothes, clothing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d35\u0d46\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33<\/td>\nadj.<\/td>\nwhite<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d37\u0d7c\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/td>\nn.<\/td>\nshirt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f<\/td>\nn.<\/td>\nsari<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d38\u0d46\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/td>\nn.<\/td>\nset mundu (traditional two-piece)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d0f\u0d24\u0d4d<\/td>\ninterr.<\/td>\nwhich<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d05\u0d24\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d32\u0d46<\/td>\nadv.<\/td>\nsimilarly, like that<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d0e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d41\u0d02<\/td>\nconj.<\/td>\neven then, however<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                        \u0d05\u0d24\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4a\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/td>\nconj.<\/td>\ntherefore, because of that<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                                        4. Reading Practice<\/h2>\n

                                        4.1 Reading Practice A: \u0d15\u0d47\u0d30\u0d33\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e<\/h3>\n

                                        Source: Lesson Page 128 \/ Printed Page 174<\/i><\/p>\n

                                        Malayalam Text:<\/b> \u0d15\u0d47\u0d30\u0d33\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d30\u0d41\u0d37\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d40\u0d15\u0d33\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d32\u0d24\u0d30\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d27\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d2a\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d0e\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d28\u0d47\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d06\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d09\u0d2a\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d24\u0d4d. \u0d07\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d30\u0d41\u0d37\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d7c \u0d37\u0d7c\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d2a\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d27\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d40\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d2c\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d57\u0d38\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d09\u0d2a\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d0e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d36\u0d47\u0d37 \u0d26\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d38\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d3e\u0d39\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d40\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d38\u0d46\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d09\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d07\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d46\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d38\u0d46\u0d31\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d47\u0d30\u0d33\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f \u0d35\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d. \u0d15\u0d4a\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d41 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d09\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d27\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d42\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d2f\u0d42\u0d23\u0d3f\u0d2b\u0d4b\u0d02 \u0d09\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d. \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d30\u0d41\u0d37\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d7c \u0d35\u0d40\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d41\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d09\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d06\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d07\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d46\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d24\u0d4d.<\/p>\n

                                        English Translation:<\/b> Men and women in Kerala wear many types of clothes. In olden times, everyone used the mundu and neriyathu. Today, men wear shirts and pants. Women use saris and blouses. However, on special days and for weddings, women like to wear the set mundu. The set mundu is the traditional dress of Kerala. Small children wear dresses\/garments. Children going to school have uniforms. Men prefer to wear the mundu inside the house.<\/p>\n

                                        4.2 Reading Practice B: \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f<\/h3>\n

                                        Source: Lesson Page 130 \/ Printed Page 176<\/i><\/p>\n

                                        Malayalam Text:<\/b> \u0d07\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f. \u0d08 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d15\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d2e\u0d47\u0d36\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d30\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d38\u0d47\u0d30\u0d15\u0d33\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d09\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d. \u0d2e\u0d47\u0d36\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d15\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d15\u0d41\u0d31\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d15\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d33\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d2a\u0d47\u0d28\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d07\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u0d15\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d46 \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d09\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d. \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d36\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d35\u0d32\u0d3f\u0d2f \u0d05\u0d32\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d30 \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d3e\u0d02. \u0d05\u0d32\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d09\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d06\u0d23\u0d4d. \u0d1a\u0d41\u0d35\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d35\u0d32\u0d3f\u0d2f \u0d15\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d23\u0d3e\u0d1f\u0d3f \u0d24\u0d42\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d. \u0d15\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d23\u0d3e\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d36\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d09\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d. \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f \u0d0e\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d34\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d43\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d. \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f \u0d35\u0d33\u0d30\u0d46 \u0d07\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d.<\/p>\n

                                        English Translation:<\/b> This is my room. In this room, there is a bed, a table, and two chairs. Some books and a pen are sitting on top of the table. My sandals are under the bed. A large cupboard can be seen at the side of the room. Inside the cupboard are my clothes. A large mirror is hung on the wall. There is also a necklace on the side of the mirror. My room is always clean. I like my room very much.<\/p>\n

                                        5. Conversation: “Sharing Saris”<\/h2>\n

                                        Source: Lesson Page 129 \/ Printed Page 175<\/i><\/p>\n

                                        \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d31:<\/b> \u0d31\u0d40\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24, \u0d08 \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d47\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4b? \u0d05\u0d24\u0d4b \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d1a\u0d47\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d47\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4b? (Rita, is this sari yours? Or is it your elder sister’s?)<\/p>\n

                                        \u0d31\u0d40\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24:<\/b> \u0d05\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32 \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d31, \u0d07\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d1a\u0d47\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d. \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7e \u0d07\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d07\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d32\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d3e\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d. \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d07\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d07\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d46\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4b? (No Sarah, this is my elder sister’s. She bought this yesterday. Do you like it?)<\/p>\n

                                        \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d31:<\/b> \u0d05\u0d24\u0d46, \u0d07\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d31\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d33\u0d30\u0d46 \u0d28\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d. \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d26\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d38\u0d02 \u0d07\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d24\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2e\u0d4b? \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d15\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d4b\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d28\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d. (Yes, its color is very good. Will you give it to me one day? I have a wedding to go to.)<\/p>\n

                                        \u0d31\u0d40\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24:<\/b> \u0d24\u0d40\u0d7c\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d02 \u0d24\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d02. \u0d1a\u0d47\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d1a\u0d4b\u0d26\u0d3f\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d28\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d46 \u0d07\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d4a\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d35\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d02. \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d15\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d0f\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d09\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33\u0d24\u0d4d? (Certainly I will give it. I will bring it tomorrow after asking my elder sister. Which sari do you have with you?)<\/p>\n

                                        \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d31:<\/b> \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d05\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f \u0d1a\u0d41\u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28 \u0d2a\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d. \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d05\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d35\u0d47\u0d23\u0d2e\u0d46\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d24\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d02. \u0d28\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d35\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d2a\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d35\u0d46\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3e\u0d02. (I have a new red silk sari with me. If you want it, I will give it. We can share clothes.)<\/p>\n

                                        \u0d31\u0d40\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24:<\/b> \u0d05\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d28\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32 \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d. \u0d28\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d28\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d46 \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d3e\u0d02. (That is a good thing. Let’s see tomorrow.)<\/p>\n

                                        6. Grammar Notes (Sections 9.1 \u2013 9.5)<\/h2>\n

                                        9.1 The Malayalam Noun: Case Forms and Postpositions<\/h3>\n

                                        The Malayalam noun system is characterized by a series of case endings (suffixes) that denote the relationship of the noun to the verb or other nouns in the sentence. While English uses prepositions (to, with, for, in) which precede the noun, Malayalam uses case suffixes and postpositions which follow the noun. There are seven primary cases in Malayalam, and the form of the suffix often depends on the final sound of the noun stem.<\/p>\n

                                        9.2 Direct and Oblique Forms<\/h3>\n

                                        A fundamental distinction in Malayalam grammar is between the direct form (Nominative) and the oblique stem. Many nouns undergo a predictable internal change before any case ending or postposition is added.<\/p>\n

                                          \n
                                        • Neuter nouns ending in -\u0d02:<\/b> The final -\u0d02 changes to -\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d-. This is the oblique stem.<\/li>\n
                                        • Nouns ending in -\u0d09:<\/b> Often change to -\u0d07- before endings starting with a vowel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                          9.3 Case Endings and Their Functions<\/h3>\n

                                          The primary case endings introduced in this lesson are:<\/p>\n

                                            \n
                                          1. Nominative:<\/b> The base form. Used for the subject of most verbs.<\/li>\n
                                          2. Accusative (-\u0d0e):<\/b> Used for the direct object, particularly when the object is definite or human.<\/li>\n
                                          3. Dative (-\u0d28\u0d41, -\u0d07\u0d28\u0d41, -\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41, -\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41):<\/b> The dative has several distinct functions in Malayalam:\n
                                              \n
                                            • Direction\/Destination:<\/b> \u0d1f\u0d57\u0d23\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d47\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d (To the town).<\/li>\n
                                            • Purpose:<\/b> \u0d1a\u0d3e\u0d2f\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d (For tea).<\/li>\n
                                            • Time:<\/b> \u0d0e\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41 \u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d (At eight o’clock).<\/li>\n
                                            • Experience:<\/b> With verbs like ‘like’ (\u0d07\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d02), ‘know’ (\u0d05\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d02), or ‘want’ (\u0d35\u0d47\u0d23\u0d02), the person experiencing the feeling must be in the dative case.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                            • Genitive (-\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46, -\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46):<\/b> Denotes possession or relationship.<\/li>\n
                                            • Sociative (-\u0d13\u0d1f\u0d4d):<\/b> Denotes “with” or “to” (with verbs of speaking).<\/li>\n
                                            • Locative (-\u0d7d, -\u0d07\u0d7d):<\/b> Denotes “in,” “on,” or “at.”<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                              9.4 Postpositions<\/h3>\n

                                              Postpositions are independent words that follow a noun to further specify spatial or logical relationships. Unlike case endings, they are not suffixes but usually require the preceding noun to be in a specific case (most often the genitive).<\/p>\n

                                                \n
                                              • \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d15\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d (on top of \/ above):<\/b> \u0d2e\u0d47\u0d36\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d15\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d (On top of the table).<\/li>\n
                                              • \u0d05\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d (near):<\/b> \u0d15\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d05\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d (Near the bed).<\/li>\n
                                              • \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d46 (under \/ below):<\/b> \u0d05\u0d32\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d46 (Under the cupboard).<\/li>\n
                                              • \u0d09\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d (inside):<\/b> \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d09\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d (Inside the room).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                9.5 Noun Phrases and Adjectives<\/h3>\n

                                                Noun phrases in Malayalam follow a strict order: Modifiers precede the head noun.<\/p>\n

                                                  \n
                                                • Adjectives:<\/b> Adjectives like \u0d28\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32 (good), \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f (new), or \u0d1a\u0d41\u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28 (red) always come before the noun. They do not change their form to match the gender, number, or case of the noun.<\/li>\n
                                                • Demonstratives:<\/b> \u0d08 (this) and \u0d06 (that) also precede the noun.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                  7. Exercises (1 \u2013 13)<\/h2>\n

                                                  Source: Lesson Pages 135\u2013137 \/ Printed Pages 181\u2013183<\/i><\/p>\n

                                                    \n
                                                  1. Translate the following phrases into Malayalam using the correct case endings:<\/b>\n
                                                      \n
                                                    • (a) In the room \u2014 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d<\/li>\n
                                                    • (b) To the son \u2014 \u0d2e\u0d15\u0d28\u0d4d<\/li>\n
                                                    • (c) Of the sister \u2014 \u0d38\u0d39\u0d4b\u0d26\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \/ \u0d1a\u0d47\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1a\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46<\/li>\n
                                                    • (d) With the father \u2014 \u0d05\u0d1a\u0d4d\u0d1b\u0d28\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/li>\n
                                                    • (e) At eight o’clock \u2014 \u0d0e\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41 \u0d2e\u0d23\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                    • Convert the following nouns into the Accusative case form:<\/b>\n
                                                        \n
                                                      • (a) \u0d2e\u0d15\u0d7b \u2014 \u0d2e\u0d15\u0d28\u0d46<\/li>\n
                                                      • (b) \u0d05\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2e \u2014 \u0d05\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d2f\u0d46<\/li>\n
                                                      • (c) \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d15\u0d02 \u2014 \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d15\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d46<\/li>\n
                                                      • (d) \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f \u2014 \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d46<\/li>\n
                                                      • (e) \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f \u2014 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d46<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                      • Provide the Dative case for these nouns and use them in a sentence with ‘\u0d07\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d’:<\/b>\n
                                                          \n
                                                        • (a) \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u2014 \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d (\u0d0e\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f \u0d07\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d.)<\/li>\n
                                                        • (b) \u0d28\u0d40 \u2014 \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d (\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d0f\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d28\u0d3f\u0d31\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d \u0d07\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d02?)<\/li>\n
                                                        • (c) \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e \u2014 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d (\u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d2e\u0d27\u0d41\u0d30\u0d02 \u0d07\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d.)<\/li>\n
                                                        • (d) \u0d31\u0d40\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24 \u2014 \u0d31\u0d40\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d (\u0d31\u0d40\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f \u0d09\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4d \u0d07\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                        • Rewrite the sentences using the appropriate postposition (\u0d2e\u0d41\u0d15\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d, \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d46, \u0d05\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d, \u0d09\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d):<\/b>\n
                                                            \n
                                                          • (a) The book is on the table. \u2014 \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d15\u0d02 \u0d2e\u0d47\u0d36\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d15\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d06\u0d23\u0d4d.<\/li>\n
                                                          • (b) The shoes are under the bed. \u2014 \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d30\u0d41\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d15\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d24\u0d3e\u0d34\u0d46 \u0d06\u0d23\u0d4d.<\/li>\n
                                                          • (c) The chair is near the table. \u2014 \u0d15\u0d38\u0d47\u0d30 \u0d2e\u0d47\u0d36\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d05\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d06\u0d23\u0d4d.<\/li>\n
                                                          • (d) The clothes are inside the cupboard. \u2014 \u0d35\u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e \u0d05\u0d32\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d09\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d06\u0d23\u0d4d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                          • Answer the following questions based on Reading Practice B:<\/b>\n
                                                              \n
                                                            • (a) \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d0e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30 \u0d15\u0d38\u0d47\u0d30\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d09\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d? \u2014 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d30\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d15\u0d38\u0d47\u0d30\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d09\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/li>\n
                                                            • (b) \u0d05\u0d32\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d30 \u0d0e\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d? \u2014 \u0d05\u0d32\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d30 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d36\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d.<\/li>\n
                                                            • (c) \u0d15\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d23\u0d3e\u0d1f\u0d3f \u0d0e\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d46 \u0d24\u0d42\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d? \u2014 \u0d15\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d23\u0d3e\u0d1f\u0d3f \u0d1a\u0d41\u0d35\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d24\u0d42\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                            • Form the Genitive (Possessive) for the following:<\/b>\n
                                                                \n
                                                              • (a) \u0d15\u0d47\u0d30\u0d33\u0d02 \u2014 \u0d15\u0d47\u0d30\u0d33\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46<\/li>\n
                                                              • (b) \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d40 \u2014 \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d40\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46<\/li>\n
                                                              • (c) \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d30\u0d41\u0d37\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d7c \u2014 \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d30\u0d41\u0d37\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46<\/li>\n
                                                              • (d) \u0d05\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f \u2014 \u0d05\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                              • Choose the correct adjective to fill the blank:<\/b>\n
                                                                  \n
                                                                • (a) \u0d07\u0d24\u0d4d \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 _____ (\u0d2a\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\/\u0d2a\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d24\u0d4d) \u0d35\u0d40\u0d1f\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d. \u2014 \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f<\/li>\n
                                                                • (b) \u0d05\u0d35\u0d7e\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d _____ (\u0d1a\u0d41\u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\/\u0d1a\u0d41\u0d35\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2a\u0d4d) \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f \u0d35\u0d47\u0d23\u0d02. \u2014 \u0d1a\u0d41\u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                • Translate into Malayalam:<\/b> “I have a red sari.” (Use the ‘Dative + \u0d09\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d’ construction).\n
                                                                    \n
                                                                  • \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d12\u0d30\u0d41 \u0d1a\u0d41\u0d35\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28 \u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                  • Change to Plural:<\/b>\n
                                                                      \n
                                                                    • (a) \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f \u2014 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e<\/li>\n
                                                                    • (b) \u0d06\u0d2d\u0d30\u0d23\u0d02 \u2014 \u0d06\u0d2d\u0d30\u0d23\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d19\u0d7e<\/li>\n
                                                                    • (c) \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f \u2014 \u0d15\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e<\/li>\n
                                                                    • (d) \u0d15\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d23\u0d3e\u0d1f\u0d3f \u2014 \u0d15\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d23\u0d3e\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d7e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                    • Explain the change in the noun ‘\u0d2e\u0d47\u0d36’ when adding ‘-\u0d07\u0d7d’:<\/b>\n
                                                                        \n
                                                                      • Since ‘\u0d2e\u0d47\u0d36’ ends in a vowel, the glide -\u0d2f- is inserted to prevent a hiatus. Form: \u0d2e\u0d47\u0d36\u0d2f\u0d3f\u0d7d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                      • Translate into English:<\/b>\n
                                                                          \n
                                                                        • (a) \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d3e\u0d39\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d \u0d38\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d40\u0d15\u0d7e \u0d2a\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d38\u0d3e\u0d30\u0d3f \u0d09\u0d1f\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d41. \u2014 Women wear silk saris for weddings.<\/li>\n
                                                                        • (b) \u0d08 \u0d2e\u0d41\u0d31\u0d3f \u0d35\u0d33\u0d30\u0d46 \u0d35\u0d43\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d33\u0d4d\u0d33\u0d24\u0d3e\u0d23\u0d4d. \u2014 This room is very clean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                        • Identify the case of the underlined words:<\/b>\n
                                                                            \n
                                                                          • (a) \u0d05\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2e\u0d2f\u0d4b\u0d1f\u0d4d<\/b> \u0d1a\u0d4b\u0d26\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d42. \u2014 Sociative.<\/li>\n
                                                                          • (b) \u0d2e\u0d47\u0d36\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d1f\u0d46<\/b> \u0d2a\u0d41\u0d31\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d. \u2014 Genitive.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                          • Create a sentence using ‘\u0d05\u0d24\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4a\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d’ (Therefore):<\/b>\n
                                                                              \n
                                                                            • \u0d0e\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d4d \u0d35\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d3e, \u0d05\u0d24\u0d41\u0d15\u0d4a\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d \u0d1e\u0d3e\u0d7b \u0d35\u0d30\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32. (I am not well, therefore I am not coming.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                              8. Transcription Appendix: Page Mapping<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                                                              Lesson Page Number<\/td>\nCorresponding Printed Page Number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                                              127<\/td>\n173<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                                              128<\/td>\n174<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                                              129<\/td>\n175<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                                              130<\/td>\n176<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                                              131<\/td>\n177<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                                              132<\/td>\n178<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                                              133<\/td>\n179<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                                              134<\/td>\n180<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                                              135<\/td>\n181<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                                              136<\/td>\n182<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                                              137<\/td>\n183<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                                              138<\/td>\n184<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                                              139<\/td>\n185<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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