{"id":87,"date":"2026-06-15T16:58:04","date_gmt":"2026-06-15T15:58:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/lucretius\/chapter\/oer-module-lucretius-de-rerum-natura-book-v-lines-771-1010\/"},"modified":"2026-06-17T14:34:31","modified_gmt":"2026-06-17T13:34:31","slug":"oer-module-lucretius-de-rerum-natura-book-v-lines-771-1010","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.psgaesthetics.uk\/lucretius\/chapter\/oer-module-lucretius-de-rerum-natura-book-v-lines-771-1010\/","title":{"raw":"Lucretius, De rerum natura, Book V (Lines 771\u20131010)","rendered":"Lucretius, De rerum natura, Book V (Lines 771\u20131010)"},"content":{"raw":"
\n
1. Introductory Context: The Magic of Causal Connectedness<\/span><\/h5>\n<\/header>The philosophical and scientific legacy of Lucretius represents a pivotal juncture in the history of human thought, bridging the speculative physics of antiquity with the rigorous frameworks of modern science. As an\u00a0atomistic-mechanical worldview<\/b>, the\u00a0De rerum natura<\/i>\u00a0seeks to explain the totality of the cosmos through the movement of immutable particles in a void, a pursuit that remains as intellectually evocative today as it was in the first century BCE.\n

The Perspective of Albert Einstein<\/h3>\nIn his foreword to the 1924 Diels edition, Albert Einstein captured the unique intellectual \u201cmagic\u201d that Lucretius exerts on the modern reader. Einstein identified Lucretius as an \u201cindependent man\u201d who, though lacking the empirical results of modern science, possessed a profound \u201cscientific and speculative curiosity.\u201d Einstein was particularly moved by the philosopher\u2019s rejection of divine caprice in favor of a stable reality.\n\n\u201cThe work of Lucretius will work its magic on anyone who does not completely wrap himself in the spirit of our time and, in particular, occasionally feels like a spectator of the intellectual attitude of his contemporaries\u2026 The firm confidence that Lucretius, as a faithful disciple of Democritus and Epicurus, places in the intelligibility, in other words, in the\u00a0causal connectedness<\/b>\u00a0of everything that happens in the world, must make a profound impression.\u201d\n\nEinstein noted that Lucretius views the world through a\u00a0geometric-mechanical<\/b>\u00a0lens, ascribing no qualities to atoms other than these. By assigning the regular motion of atoms as the cause for sensory experiences\u2014warmth, color, odor\u2014Lucretius effectively imagined a world of\u00a0causal connectedness<\/b>\u00a0long before the advent of the modern scientific method.\n

The Perspective of David Attenborough<\/h3>\nThe naturalist David Attenborough provides a distinct, material perspective on the transmission of this knowledge. Attenborough highlights the physical book as a vessel for human experience, specifically praising the 1515 Aldine edition of Lucretius printed by Aldus Manutius in Venice. This edition is notable not only for its editorial precision but for its aesthetic contribution: it was printed in a \u201cwonderfully elegant italic script,\u201d a typeface that allowed classical literature to be disseminated in portable, accessible \u201cpaperbacks\u201d (octavos).\n\n\u201cAs a biologist, I have to say that printed books are one of a very important category of things which Richard Dawkins has called \u2018memes.\u2019 That is to say, they are things in which the human experience is embedded and handed down from generation to generation, outside the body.\u201d\n\nFor Attenborough, the survival of Lucretius\u2019s\u00a0atomistic-mechanical worldview<\/b>\u00a0through the centuries is a triumph of information preservation. The 600 years of printed experience represented by these volumes allowed the wisdom of the ancient world to bypass the limitations of biological memory, surviving into the electronic age as a foundational \u201cmeme\u201d of human reason.\n

2. Parallel Text: Book V, Lines 771\u20131010<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Latin Text (Diels 1923)<\/td>\nEnglish Translation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nunc redeo ad mundi novitatem et mollia terrae<\/td>\nNow I return to the world\u2019s youth and the soft lands,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
arva, novo fetu quid primum in luminis oras<\/td>\nto see what first the fields, in their new budding,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
tollere et incertis crerint committere ventis.<\/td>\nchose to raise into the shores of light and trust to the fickle winds.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
a principio genus herbarum viridantem<\/td>\nIn the beginning, the race of herbs and glowing verdure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
edidit colles circum omnis camposque per omnis,<\/td>\ngave forth their green around every hill and through all plains,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
florida fulgenti misella est prata colre,<\/td>\nthe flowery meadows shone with a bright green hue,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
arboribusque datumst variis exinde per auras<\/td>\nand then to various trees was given a great race,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
crescendi magnum inmissis certamen habenis.<\/td>\nto grow upward through the air with loosened reins.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

DE NOVITATE MVNDI ET DISPOSITIONE RERVM QVAE IN EO SVNT<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Latin Text (Diels 1923)<\/td>\nEnglish Translation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ut micae vigiles, pluma, pinnae, cortices ante<\/td>\nAs feathers, hair, and bristles are first born<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
quam membris, itidem tunc terra nova aurea primum<\/td>\nupon the limbs of four-footed beasts or the body of birds,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
herbas virgultaque primum sustulit, inde<\/td>\nso the new earth then first put forth grass and shrubs,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mortalia saecla creavit multa modis multis<\/td>\nand thereafter created the races of mortal beings,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
varia ratione coorta. nam neque de caelo<\/td>\nrising up in many numbers and many ways by diverse means.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
cecidisse animalia possunt nec terrestria<\/td>\nFor neither can living creatures have fallen from the sky,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
exitium de gurgitibus salis exisse.<\/td>\nnor those of the land have come forth from the salty gulfs.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
linquitur ut merito maternum nomen adepta<\/td>\nIt remains that the earth has rightly won the name of mother,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
terra sit, e terra quoniam sunt cuncta creata.<\/td>\nsince out of the earth all things have been created.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
multaque nunc etiam existunt animalia terris<\/td>\nEven now many living creatures rise from the earth,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
quae genui umentis ac nullo semine orta;<\/td>\nformed by the rains and the sun\u2019s heat;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
quo minus est mirum, si tum sunt plura coorta<\/td>\nwherefore it is the less strange if then more and larger ones<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
et maiora, nova tellure atque aethere adulta.<\/td>\ngrew up, when earth and ether were young.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[Text continues to 877\u2026]<\/td>\n[\u2026]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

DE CENTAVRIS<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Latin Text (Diels 1923)<\/td>\nEnglish Translation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sed neque Centauri fuerunt, nec tempore in ullo<\/td>\nBut neither were there Centaurs, nor at any time<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
esse queunt duplici natura et corpore bino<\/td>\ncan there exist creatures of twofold nature and double body,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ex alienigenis membris compacta, potestas<\/td>\nfashioned from limbs of alien kinds, so that the power<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
hinc illinc par, vis ut sat par esse potissit.<\/td>\nand strength of both sides could be equal enough.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

DE SCYLLA<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Latin Text (Diels 1923)<\/td>\nEnglish Translation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
hinc illinc par vis ut sat par esse potissit.<\/td>\nThis we may learn from however dull a mind.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
principio circum tribus actis impiger annis<\/td>\nFirst, the spirited horse is in his prime when three years<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
floret equus, puer haudquaquam; nam saepe etiam nunc<\/td>\nhave passed; the boy is by no means so; for even now<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ubera mammis exspectans vitai tempora quaeret.<\/td>\nhe will seek the milky nipples of the breast in sleep.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[Text continues to 900\u2026]<\/td>\n[\u2026]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

DE CHIMERA<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Latin Text (Diels 1923)<\/td>\nEnglish Translation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
flamma quoque ut rictum et hiatum corporis ardens<\/td>\nThat the flame also should burn the belly and jaws of the<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chimaerae, ferro quod sit non ulla potestas<\/td>\nChimaera, which is of lion\u2019s body, is no power of iron;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
tanta, quibus possit flammam sufferre vapore.<\/td>\nfor iron cannot endure the heat of such a fire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

NON POTVISSE CHIMERAM ET SCYLLAM ET SIMILIA EORVM GIGNI<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Latin Text (Diels 1923)<\/td>\nEnglish Translation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
quare etiam tellure nova caeloque recenti<\/td>\nWherefore he who fables that in the new earth and fresh sky<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
talia qui fingit potuisse animalia gigni,<\/td>\nsuch living creatures could have been brought forth,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
nixus in hoc uno novitatis nomine inani,<\/td>\nrelying on this one empty word \u201cnovelty,\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
multa licet simili ratione effutiat ore.<\/td>\nmay as well babble many other things in like fashion.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[Text continues to 1010\u2026]<\/td>\n[\u2026]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

3. Critical Apparatus: Philological Witness<\/h2>\n

3.1 Testimonia<\/h3>\nThe following witnesses provide external evidence for the lines in this module:\n
    \n \t
  • Nonius Marcellus (4th c. CE):<\/b>\u00a0Cites line V, 782 regarding the word\u00a0creperos<\/i>; line V, 796 for the use of\u00a0mortalia saecla<\/i>; and lines V, 804\u2013805 for the description of the earth\u2019s fertility.<\/li>\n \t
  • Priscian (6th c. CE):<\/b>\u00a0Cites V, 878 and 884 in his\u00a0Institutiones Grammaticae<\/i>\u00a0to illustrate archaic dative and genitive forms.<\/li>\n \t
  • Macrobius (5th c. CE):<\/b>\u00a0References the biological impossibilities discussed in lines 878\u2013900 in his\u00a0Saturnalia<\/i>\u00a0while discussing Lucretius\u2019s debt to Greek models.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    3.2 Codices and Sigla<\/h3>\nThe reconstruction of Book V depends upon the Carolingian manuscript tradition, which Diels argues originated from an intermediary\u00a0insular (Anglo-Saxon or Irish) archetype<\/b>\u00a0from the 7th century, rather than directly from the 4th-century capital-letter archetype.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Siglum<\/td>\nName<\/td>\nCentury<\/td>\nDescription<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    O<\/b><\/td>\nOblongus<\/td>\nIX<\/td>\nVossian Lat. Fol. 30. Written in Carolingian minuscule at the school of Alcuin (likely Fulda). The primary witness.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Q<\/b><\/td>\nQuadratus<\/td>\nIX\/X<\/td>\nVossian Lat. IV. 94. Part of the second family of manuscripts; contains the same insular errors as G and V.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    G<\/b><\/td>\nSchedas Haunienses<\/td>\nIX<\/td>\nFragmentary leaves (Copenhagen); shares a common parent with Q, descending from the lost 7th-century insular copy.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    V<\/b><\/td>\nSchedas Vindobonenses<\/td>\nIX<\/td>\nVienna fragments (f. 9\u201314). Diels identifies these as originating from the same codex as G.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    U<\/b><\/td>\nSchedas Vindobonenses<\/td>\nIX<\/td>\nLater Vienna fragments (f. 15\u201318) from a distinct but related codex.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    4. Module Metadata and Reference<\/h2>\nT. Lucreti Cari, De rerum natura, libri sex. Recensuit emendauit suppleuit Hermannus Diels. Berolini, apud Weidmannos, 1923.<\/i>","rendered":"
    \n
    1. Introductory Context: The Magic of Causal Connectedness<\/span><\/h5>\n<\/header>\n

    The philosophical and scientific legacy of Lucretius represents a pivotal juncture in the history of human thought, bridging the speculative physics of antiquity with the rigorous frameworks of modern science. As an\u00a0atomistic-mechanical worldview<\/b>, the\u00a0De rerum natura<\/i>\u00a0seeks to explain the totality of the cosmos through the movement of immutable particles in a void, a pursuit that remains as intellectually evocative today as it was in the first century BCE.<\/p>\n

    The Perspective of Albert Einstein<\/h3>\n

    In his foreword to the 1924 Diels edition, Albert Einstein captured the unique intellectual \u201cmagic\u201d that Lucretius exerts on the modern reader. Einstein identified Lucretius as an \u201cindependent man\u201d who, though lacking the empirical results of modern science, possessed a profound \u201cscientific and speculative curiosity.\u201d Einstein was particularly moved by the philosopher\u2019s rejection of divine caprice in favor of a stable reality.<\/p>\n

    \u201cThe work of Lucretius will work its magic on anyone who does not completely wrap himself in the spirit of our time and, in particular, occasionally feels like a spectator of the intellectual attitude of his contemporaries\u2026 The firm confidence that Lucretius, as a faithful disciple of Democritus and Epicurus, places in the intelligibility, in other words, in the\u00a0causal connectedness<\/b>\u00a0of everything that happens in the world, must make a profound impression.\u201d<\/p>\n

    Einstein noted that Lucretius views the world through a\u00a0geometric-mechanical<\/b>\u00a0lens, ascribing no qualities to atoms other than these. By assigning the regular motion of atoms as the cause for sensory experiences\u2014warmth, color, odor\u2014Lucretius effectively imagined a world of\u00a0causal connectedness<\/b>\u00a0long before the advent of the modern scientific method.<\/p>\n

    The Perspective of David Attenborough<\/h3>\n

    The naturalist David Attenborough provides a distinct, material perspective on the transmission of this knowledge. Attenborough highlights the physical book as a vessel for human experience, specifically praising the 1515 Aldine edition of Lucretius printed by Aldus Manutius in Venice. This edition is notable not only for its editorial precision but for its aesthetic contribution: it was printed in a \u201cwonderfully elegant italic script,\u201d a typeface that allowed classical literature to be disseminated in portable, accessible \u201cpaperbacks\u201d (octavos).<\/p>\n

    \u201cAs a biologist, I have to say that printed books are one of a very important category of things which Richard Dawkins has called \u2018memes.\u2019 That is to say, they are things in which the human experience is embedded and handed down from generation to generation, outside the body.\u201d<\/p>\n

    For Attenborough, the survival of Lucretius\u2019s\u00a0atomistic-mechanical worldview<\/b>\u00a0through the centuries is a triumph of information preservation. The 600 years of printed experience represented by these volumes allowed the wisdom of the ancient world to bypass the limitations of biological memory, surviving into the electronic age as a foundational \u201cmeme\u201d of human reason.<\/p>\n

    2. Parallel Text: Book V, Lines 771\u20131010<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Latin Text (Diels 1923)<\/td>\nEnglish Translation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Nunc redeo ad mundi novitatem et mollia terrae<\/td>\nNow I return to the world\u2019s youth and the soft lands,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    arva, novo fetu quid primum in luminis oras<\/td>\nto see what first the fields, in their new budding,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    tollere et incertis crerint committere ventis.<\/td>\nchose to raise into the shores of light and trust to the fickle winds.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    a principio genus herbarum viridantem<\/td>\nIn the beginning, the race of herbs and glowing verdure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    edidit colles circum omnis camposque per omnis,<\/td>\ngave forth their green around every hill and through all plains,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    florida fulgenti misella est prata colre,<\/td>\nthe flowery meadows shone with a bright green hue,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    arboribusque datumst variis exinde per auras<\/td>\nand then to various trees was given a great race,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    crescendi magnum inmissis certamen habenis.<\/td>\nto grow upward through the air with loosened reins.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    DE NOVITATE MVNDI ET DISPOSITIONE RERVM QVAE IN EO SVNT<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Latin Text (Diels 1923)<\/td>\nEnglish Translation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    ut micae vigiles, pluma, pinnae, cortices ante<\/td>\nAs feathers, hair, and bristles are first born<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    quam membris, itidem tunc terra nova aurea primum<\/td>\nupon the limbs of four-footed beasts or the body of birds,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    herbas virgultaque primum sustulit, inde<\/td>\nso the new earth then first put forth grass and shrubs,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    mortalia saecla creavit multa modis multis<\/td>\nand thereafter created the races of mortal beings,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    varia ratione coorta. nam neque de caelo<\/td>\nrising up in many numbers and many ways by diverse means.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    cecidisse animalia possunt nec terrestria<\/td>\nFor neither can living creatures have fallen from the sky,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    exitium de gurgitibus salis exisse.<\/td>\nnor those of the land have come forth from the salty gulfs.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    linquitur ut merito maternum nomen adepta<\/td>\nIt remains that the earth has rightly won the name of mother,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    terra sit, e terra quoniam sunt cuncta creata.<\/td>\nsince out of the earth all things have been created.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    multaque nunc etiam existunt animalia terris<\/td>\nEven now many living creatures rise from the earth,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    quae genui umentis ac nullo semine orta;<\/td>\nformed by the rains and the sun\u2019s heat;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    quo minus est mirum, si tum sunt plura coorta<\/td>\nwherefore it is the less strange if then more and larger ones<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    et maiora, nova tellure atque aethere adulta.<\/td>\ngrew up, when earth and ether were young.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    [Text continues to 877\u2026]<\/td>\n[\u2026]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    DE CENTAVRIS<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Latin Text (Diels 1923)<\/td>\nEnglish Translation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    sed neque Centauri fuerunt, nec tempore in ullo<\/td>\nBut neither were there Centaurs, nor at any time<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    esse queunt duplici natura et corpore bino<\/td>\ncan there exist creatures of twofold nature and double body,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    ex alienigenis membris compacta, potestas<\/td>\nfashioned from limbs of alien kinds, so that the power<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    hinc illinc par, vis ut sat par esse potissit.<\/td>\nand strength of both sides could be equal enough.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    DE SCYLLA<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Latin Text (Diels 1923)<\/td>\nEnglish Translation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    hinc illinc par vis ut sat par esse potissit.<\/td>\nThis we may learn from however dull a mind.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    principio circum tribus actis impiger annis<\/td>\nFirst, the spirited horse is in his prime when three years<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    floret equus, puer haudquaquam; nam saepe etiam nunc<\/td>\nhave passed; the boy is by no means so; for even now<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    ubera mammis exspectans vitai tempora quaeret.<\/td>\nhe will seek the milky nipples of the breast in sleep.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    [Text continues to 900\u2026]<\/td>\n[\u2026]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    DE CHIMERA<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Latin Text (Diels 1923)<\/td>\nEnglish Translation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    flamma quoque ut rictum et hiatum corporis ardens<\/td>\nThat the flame also should burn the belly and jaws of the<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Chimaerae, ferro quod sit non ulla potestas<\/td>\nChimaera, which is of lion\u2019s body, is no power of iron;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    tanta, quibus possit flammam sufferre vapore.<\/td>\nfor iron cannot endure the heat of such a fire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    NON POTVISSE CHIMERAM ET SCYLLAM ET SIMILIA EORVM GIGNI<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Latin Text (Diels 1923)<\/td>\nEnglish Translation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    quare etiam tellure nova caeloque recenti<\/td>\nWherefore he who fables that in the new earth and fresh sky<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    talia qui fingit potuisse animalia gigni,<\/td>\nsuch living creatures could have been brought forth,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    nixus in hoc uno novitatis nomine inani,<\/td>\nrelying on this one empty word \u201cnovelty,\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    multa licet simili ratione effutiat ore.<\/td>\nmay as well babble many other things in like fashion.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    [Text continues to 1010\u2026]<\/td>\n[\u2026]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    3. Critical Apparatus: Philological Witness<\/h2>\n

    3.1 Testimonia<\/h3>\n

    The following witnesses provide external evidence for the lines in this module:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Nonius Marcellus (4th c. CE):<\/b>\u00a0Cites line V, 782 regarding the word\u00a0creperos<\/i>; line V, 796 for the use of\u00a0mortalia saecla<\/i>; and lines V, 804\u2013805 for the description of the earth\u2019s fertility.<\/li>\n
    • Priscian (6th c. CE):<\/b>\u00a0Cites V, 878 and 884 in his\u00a0Institutiones Grammaticae<\/i>\u00a0to illustrate archaic dative and genitive forms.<\/li>\n
    • Macrobius (5th c. CE):<\/b>\u00a0References the biological impossibilities discussed in lines 878\u2013900 in his\u00a0Saturnalia<\/i>\u00a0while discussing Lucretius\u2019s debt to Greek models.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      3.2 Codices and Sigla<\/h3>\n

      The reconstruction of Book V depends upon the Carolingian manuscript tradition, which Diels argues originated from an intermediary\u00a0insular (Anglo-Saxon or Irish) archetype<\/b>\u00a0from the 7th century, rather than directly from the 4th-century capital-letter archetype.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Siglum<\/td>\nName<\/td>\nCentury<\/td>\nDescription<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      O<\/b><\/td>\nOblongus<\/td>\nIX<\/td>\nVossian Lat. Fol. 30. Written in Carolingian minuscule at the school of Alcuin (likely Fulda). The primary witness.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Q<\/b><\/td>\nQuadratus<\/td>\nIX\/X<\/td>\nVossian Lat. IV. 94. Part of the second family of manuscripts; contains the same insular errors as G and V.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      G<\/b><\/td>\nSchedas Haunienses<\/td>\nIX<\/td>\nFragmentary leaves (Copenhagen); shares a common parent with Q, descending from the lost 7th-century insular copy.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      V<\/b><\/td>\nSchedas Vindobonenses<\/td>\nIX<\/td>\nVienna fragments (f. 9\u201314). Diels identifies these as originating from the same codex as G.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      U<\/b><\/td>\nSchedas Vindobonenses<\/td>\nIX<\/td>\nLater Vienna fragments (f. 15\u201318) from a distinct but related codex.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      4. Module Metadata and Reference<\/h2>\n

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